Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by Unanimous Consent.
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An atmospheric river (AR) consists of a long band of water vapor moving through the atmosphere, typically resulting in heavy precipitation over land (Figure 1). Improved AR observations and understanding (especially of large ARs) may facilitate flood preparedness and response and water supply management. This is espec…
Landslide hazards may occur across the United States and its territories, and landslide risks may be increasing. A landslide is a movement of a mass of rock, debris, or soil down a slope. Mountainous, hilly, or cliff terrains (e.g., vertical shorelines, roadcuts, surface mining walls) are most susceptible to landslide…
Hazardous weather and climate events kill hundreds of people and cause billions of dollars of property damage in the United States each year. In 2024, for instance, the United States experienced 27 weather and climate disasters each exceeding $1 billion of total costs, for an estimated cumulative cost of $182.7 billio…
In 2021, Congress passed two laws establishing and directing the 3-dimensional Elevation Program (3D Elevation Program, or 3DEP) to support identification of hazards and resources, among other purposes: (1) the National Landslide Preparedness Act (NLPA; P.L. 116-323) and (2) the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act…
In 2021, Congress passed the National Landslide Preparedness Act (NLPA; P.L. 116-323, 43 U.S.C. §§3101 et seq.). Among its provisions, the NLPA directs the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter, the Secretary), acting through the Director of the U.S Geological Survey (USGS), to establish a National Landslide Hazards…
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