Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR E86-87)
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The Pacific Islands region comprises a variety of polities including fully independent nations, overseas territories, and self-governing states in “Free Association” with other nations. Successive U.S. presidential Administrations and some Members of Congress have identified U.S. national security interests in the reg…
On April 24, 2025, as part of a broader national effort to secure reliable supplies for critical minerals, the Trump Administration issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14285, “Unleashing America’s Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources,” making it a policy of the United States to advance U.S. leadership in seabed mineral…
The first and second Trump Administrations and the Biden Administration issued executive orders announcing U.S. policies to build and strengthen the resiliency of domestic critical mineral supply chains. For example, on April 24, 2025, as part of a broader national effort to secure reliable supplies for critical miner…
For over 40 years, Congress has deliberated, to varying degrees, the potential pros and cons of the 1982 United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as it pertains to U.S. ocean policy and interests. UNCLOS established a comprehensive international legal framework to govern activities related to the…
The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established a comprehensive international legal framework to govern activities related to the global oceans. UNCLOS often is referred to as the constitution of the oceans. The convention was agreed to in 1982 and entered into force in 1994, after the Ag…
The Pacific Ocean’s seafloor contains mineral-rich deposits of cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, rare earth elements, zinc, and other minerals that may help meet supply demands for energy transition technologies. These minerals may occur in potato-shaped rocks called polymetallic nodules (PMNs); seafloor massive sulf…
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