Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 499, H. Res. 492 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR H2647; text: CR H2647)
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When the Senate is considering a reconciliation bill, Section 313 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act (the Budget Act) prohibits the inclusion of matter that is “extraneous” to a committee’s reconciliation instructions. This provision is known as the “Byrd rule,” after its chief author and proponen…
Nutrition provisions in the FY2025 budget reconciliation law (sometimes referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act [OBBBA]; P.L. 119-21/H.R. 1), as enacted on July 4, 2025, are estimated to reduce federal spending on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). To achieve such savings, the new law signific…
P.L. 119-21 (H.R. 1 in the 119th Congress, also referred to as the FY2025 reconciliation act or the One Big Beautiful Bill Act) was enacted into law on July 4, 2025. It was developed and considered as part of the budget reconciliation process triggered by the adoption of H.Con.Res. 14, the Concurrent Resolution on the…
Introduction On July 3, 2025, Congress passed the 2025 reconciliation legislation (H.R. 1), which President Donald J. Trump signed into law on July 4, 2025 (P.L. 119-21). This product summarizes funding provisions totaling $156.2 billion in FY2025 for defense purposes in Title II of the legislation (see Table 1). Back…
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