Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (text: CR S4531)
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On April 24, 2025, as part of a broader national effort to secure reliable supplies for critical minerals, the Trump Administration issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14285, “Unleashing America’s Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources,” making it a policy of the United States to advance U.S. leadership in seabed mineral…
The United States and the Republic of the Philippines have a deep relationship that includes a bilateral security alliance, extensive military cooperation, close people-to-people ties, and many shared strategic and economic interests. The Philippines, a diverse and democratic island nation situated east of the South C…
For over 40 years, Congress has deliberated, to varying degrees, the potential pros and cons of the 1982 United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as it pertains to U.S. ocean policy and interests. UNCLOS established a comprehensive international legal framework to govern activities related to the…
On June 19, 2023, the United Nations (UN) adopted by consensus an international legally binding instrument to address the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity on the high seas (international waters). The instrument is commonly referred to as the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agree…
The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) established a comprehensive international legal framework to govern activities related to the global oceans. UNCLOS often is referred to as the constitution of the oceans. The convention was agreed to in 1982 and entered into force in 1994, after the Ag…
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