H.J. Res. 54 (119th)Bill Overview

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that the rights protected and extended by the Constitution are the rights of natural persons only.

Joint ResolutionCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues|Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesConstitution and constitutional amendments
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Feb 12, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment declaring that constitutional rights and privileges apply only to natural persons, not to artificial entities such as corporations or LLCs. It allows federal, state, and local governments to regulate, limit, or prohibit contributions and expenditures in elections (including candidates’ own spending), requires public disclosure of permissible contributions and expenditures, and directs that spending money to influence elections not be treated as First Amendment speech.

Why people may split

Whether corporate personhood should be eliminated entirely

Watch point

Requires supermajority approval and addresses polarizing issues; sweeping change with little compromise language.

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment declaring that constitutional rights and privileges apply only to natural persons, not to artificial entities such as corporations or LLCs.

It allows federal, state, and local governments to regulate, limit, or prohibit contributions and expenditures in elections (including candidates’ own spending), requires public disclosure of permissible contributions and expenditures, and directs that spending money to influence elections not be treated as First Amendment speech.

The amendment preserves the constitutional freedom of the press.

Passage8/100

A sweeping, high-conflict constitutional amendment with broad legal consequences and no built-in compromise is historically unlikely to achieve the required supermajorities and state ratification.

CredibilityPartial

How solid the drafting looks.

Contention85/100

Whether corporate personhood should be eliminated entirely

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Permitting processLocal governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Permitting processPermits stricter campaign finance limits to reduce wealthy or corporate election influence.
  • Potential benefitAuthorizes mandatory public disclosure of permissible political contributions and expenditures.
  • Potential benefitRestores legislative authority to regulate corporations without invoking constitutional personhood defenses.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenCreates legal uncertainty for longstanding commercial rights, contracts, and property protections for entities.
  • Potential burdenCould reduce investment and employment if businesses face increased regulatory and legal risk.
  • Local governmentsMay unintentionally limit protections for nonprofits, unions, or municipal corporations depending on interpretation.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether corporate personhood should be eliminated entirely
Progressive95%

Likely broadly supportive: the amendment removes corporate constitutional protections and enables stronger campaign finance limits and disclosure.

Supporters see it as restoring democratic control and reducing corporate influence in politics.

Leans supportive
Centrist55%

Mixed view: favors reducing undue political influence and increasing transparency, but worries about legal uncertainty and economic ramifications for business law.

Would seek narrowly tailored language and procedural safeguards.

Split reaction
Conservative10%

Likely opposed: views the amendment as expansive government authority that undermines free speech, property rights, and predictable business law.

Sees it as a significant disruption to markets and civic institutions.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood8/100

A sweeping, high-conflict constitutional amendment with broad legal consequences and no built-in compromise is historically unlikely to achieve the required supermajorities and state ratification.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
86%
Complexityhigh
Why this could stall
  • Precise boundaries of "artificial entity" and legal definitions
  • How courts would interpret the 'money not speech' clause
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether corporate personhood should be eliminated entirely

A sweeping, high-conflict constitutional amendment with broad legal consequences and no built-in compromise is historically unlikely to ach…

Unlocked analysis

Pro readers get the full perspective split, passage barriers, legislative design review, stakeholder impact map, and lens-based policy tradeoff analysis for Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United State…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

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