H.J. Res. 54 (119th)Bill Overview

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing that the rights protected and extended by the Constitution are the rights of natural persons only.

Joint ResolutionCivil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues|Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority IssuesConstitution and constitutional amendments
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Feb 12, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Joint ResolutionWhat this resolution actually does

This resolution proposes a change to the U.S. Constitution that would say constitutional rights belong only to natural persons, not corporations or other artificial entities. It would let federal, state, and local governments regulate, limit, or prohibit political contributions and expenditures (including a candidate's own money), require public disclosure of permitted spending, and direct courts not to treat spending money to influence elections as First Amendment speech. The amendment also says the freedom of the press is preserved. If ratified by the states, the amendment would become part of the Constitution and change how courts and lawmakers can treat artificial entities and political spending.

Passage rules

A constitutional amendment must be approved by both chambers of Congress under higher-than-normal voting rules and is then sent to the states for ratification; it does not go to the President. It becomes part of the Constitution only if three-fourths of the states approve it.

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment declaring that constitutional rights and privileges apply only to natural persons, not to artificial entities such as corporations or LLCs.

It allows federal, state, and local governments to regulate, limit, or prohibit contributions and expenditures in elections (including candidates’ own spending), requires public disclosure of permissible contributions and expenditures, and directs that spending money to influence elections not be treated as First Amendment speech.

The amendment preserves the constitutional freedom of the press.

Passage8/100

A sweeping, high-conflict constitutional amendment with broad legal consequences and no built-in compromise is historically unlikely to achieve the required supermajorities and state ratification.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly articulates a broad constitutional change and provides high-level directives to governments and the judiciary, but it leaves substantial implementation, transitional, and enforcement details unspecified.

Contention85/100

Whether corporate personhood should be eliminated entirely

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Permitting processLocal governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Permitting processPermits stricter campaign finance limits to reduce wealthy or corporate election influence.
  • Potential benefitAuthorizes mandatory public disclosure of permissible political contributions and expenditures.
  • Potential benefitRestores legislative authority to regulate corporations without invoking constitutional personhood defenses.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenCreates legal uncertainty for longstanding commercial rights, contracts, and property protections for entities.
  • Potential burdenCould reduce investment and employment if businesses face increased regulatory and legal risk.
  • Local governmentsMay unintentionally limit protections for nonprofits, unions, or municipal corporations depending on interpretation.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether corporate personhood should be eliminated entirely
Progressive95%

Likely broadly supportive: the amendment removes corporate constitutional protections and enables stronger campaign finance limits and disclosure.

Supporters see it as restoring democratic control and reducing corporate influence in politics.

Leans supportive
Centrist55%

Mixed view: favors reducing undue political influence and increasing transparency, but worries about legal uncertainty and economic ramifications for business law.

Would seek narrowly tailored language and procedural safeguards.

Split reaction
Conservative10%

Likely opposed: views the amendment as expansive government authority that undermines free speech, property rights, and predictable business law.

Sees it as a significant disruption to markets and civic institutions.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood8/100

A sweeping, high-conflict constitutional amendment with broad legal consequences and no built-in compromise is historically unlikely to achieve the required supermajorities and state ratification.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
86%
Complexityhigh
Why this could stall
  • Precise boundaries of "artificial entity" and legal definitions
  • How courts would interpret the 'money not speech' clause
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether corporate personhood should be eliminated entirely

A sweeping, high-conflict constitutional amendment with broad legal consequences and no built-in compromise is historically unlikely to ach…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly articulates a broad constitutional change and provides high-level directives to governments and the judiciary, but it leaves substantial implementation, trans…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis