H.R. 104 (119th)Bill Overview

Protecting Arizona from Federal Land Grabs Act

Public Lands and Natural Resources|ArizonaCongressional oversight
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 3, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Natural Resources.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends Title 54 of the U.S. Code to bar the establishment or extension of national monuments in Arizona by executive action, making such actions possible only with express authorization from Congress. The text specifically prevents the unilateral creation or expansion of national monuments within Arizona.

Why people may split

Whether restricting presidential monument power protects communities or blocks conservation

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly states its purpose to restrict monument designations in Arizona and identifies a specific statutory provision to amend, but it provides limited, imprecise mechanism text and lacks implementation detail, fiscal acknowledgment, edge-case treatment, and accountability measures.

This bill amends Title 54 of the U.S. Code to bar the establishment or extension of national monuments in Arizona by executive action, making such actions possible only with express authorization from Congress.

The text specifically prevents the unilateral creation or expansion of national monuments within Arizona.

The bill does not detail procedures for Congressional authorization or address existing monuments explicitly in its brief text.

Passage30/100

Technically simple but politically polarizing and lacking compromise features; Senate and potential procedural or legal hurdles make enactment unlikely.

CredibilityMisaligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly states its purpose to restrict monument designations in Arizona and identifies a specific statutory provision to amend, but it provides limited, imprecise mechanism text and lacks implementation detail, fiscal acknowledgment, edge-case treatment, and accountability measures.

Contention70/100

Whether restricting presidential monument power protects communities or blocks conservation

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governments · Federal agenciesFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Local governmentsPrevents unilateral presidential monument designations in Arizona, preserving state and local land-use decision influen…
  • Federal agenciesReduces risk of sudden federal restrictions on grazing, mining, and energy development, potentially protecting related…
  • Potential benefitRequires congressional approval for monument actions, increasing legislative oversight and formal public debate.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesLimits federal capacity to rapidly protect archaeological, cultural, and ecologically sensitive sites in Arizona.
  • Potential burdenCould delay or prevent conservation actions, increasing risk to wildlife habitat and ecological connectivity.
  • Potential burdenShifts decision-making to Congress, potentially creating longer delays and politicizing land-protection processes.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether restricting presidential monument power protects communities or blocks conservation
Progressive20%

Likely opposed.

Progressives would view this as a restriction on a long‑used federal conservation tool and an effort to limit protections for public lands in Arizona.

They would worry it weakens the Antiquities Act and makes conservation outcomes subject to partisan politics.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

Mixed view.

Moderates will see a legitimate concern about executive overreach but also worry about hampering timely conservation action.

They will likely seek procedural guardrails that balance oversight and the ability to protect lands efficiently.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Likely supportive.

Conservatives would frame this as limiting federal overreach, protecting state sovereignty and local land uses, and preventing what supporters call "federal land grabs" via executive fiat.

They will emphasize property rights, local control, and economic development interests.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Technically simple but politically polarizing and lacking compromise features; Senate and potential procedural or legal hurdles make enactment unlikely.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or agency implementation guidance included
  • Text excerpt appears truncated or syntactically unclear
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether restricting presidential monument power protects communities or blocks conservation

Technically simple but politically polarizing and lacking compromise features; Senate and potential procedural or legal hurdles make enactm…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly states its purpose to restrict monument designations in Arizona and identifies a specific statutory provision to amend, but it provides limited, imprecise mec…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis