H.R. 1220 (119th)Bill Overview

FIRM Act of 2025

Immigration|Immigration
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Feb 11, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to add a new section directing the Secretary of State to raise the consular visa application fee for nonimmigrant B visa applicants who are nationals of certain countries. Countries qualify for fee increases if they: deny or unreasonably delay accepting returns after DHS requests, are designated state sponsors of terrorism, or are tier 3 in the Trafficking in Persons report.

Why people may split

Whether fee increases unfairly penalize individual travelers versus governments

Watch point

Relatively narrow, enforcement‑oriented measure that can attract supporters, though tourism/business and diplomatic objections exist.

This bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to add a new section directing the Secretary of State to raise the consular visa application fee for nonimmigrant B visa applicants who are nationals of certain countries.

Countries qualify for fee increases if they: deny or unreasonably delay accepting returns after DHS requests, are designated state sponsors of terrorism, or are tier 3 in the Trafficking in Persons report.

Fee increases are tiered: at least +50% for one criterion, +100% for two, and +150% for all three, with a monthly review of country determinations.

Passage40/100

Technically simple and administratively doable, but diplomatic pushback and mixed stakeholder impact lower odds of enactment.

CredibilityPartial

How solid the drafting looks.

Contention70/100

Whether fee increases unfairly penalize individual travelers versus governments

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedStates

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitEncourages foreign governments to accept returned nationals by imposing financial pressure through visa fee increases.
  • Potential benefitGenerates additional revenue that could offset U.S. costs for removals or consular services.
  • Potential benefitCreates a graduated penalty aligning fee increases with severity of countries' noncooperation.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenImposes higher travel costs on nationals based on country, raising fairness and equal-treatment concerns.
  • Potential burdenCould significantly reduce tourism and business visits, harming U.S. service and hospitality jobs.
  • StatesPlaces administrative burdens on State Department to track criteria and implement monthly fee adjustments.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether fee increases unfairly penalize individual travelers versus governments
Progressive35%

Likely skeptical of a policy that directly raises costs for individuals because of their nationality.

May accept holding foreign governments accountable, but will worry about humanitarian effects and fairness for asylum seekers and low-income travelers.

Likely resistant
Centrist60%

Sees the bill as a pragmatic lever to induce foreign cooperation on returns and offset consular burdens, but wants clearer implementation details.

Concerns focus on revenue use, diplomatic fallout, and legal clarity.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Likely supportive as a firm, targeted tool to penalize foreign governments that refuse repatriations or sponsor malign activity.

Views fee increases as appropriate leverage to protect U.S. immigration and security interests.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Technically simple and administratively doable, but diplomatic pushback and mixed stakeholder impact lower odds of enactment.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No CBO cost estimate provided in text
  • Which countries would practically meet criteria and how many
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether fee increases unfairly penalize individual travelers versus governments

Technically simple and administratively doable, but diplomatic pushback and mixed stakeholder impact lower odds of enactment.

Unlocked analysis

Pro readers get the full perspective split, passage barriers, legislative design review, stakeholder impact map, and lens-based policy tradeoff analysis for FIRM Act of 2025.

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis