H.R. 1226 (119th)Bill Overview

Restoring Checks and Balances Act

Government Operations and Politics|Administrative law and regulatory proceduresCongressional oversight
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Feb 12, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill requires that most new federal regulations automatically expire five years after their effective date unless Congress reauthorizes them by statute. Agencies may not reissue, enforce, revise, or act on a rule after it sunsets.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize threats to health, environment, and civil protections.

Watch point

Substantive, ideologically charged reform likely to draw partisan lines; simpler bill text helps, but major stakeholders oppose.

The bill requires that most new federal regulations automatically expire five years after their effective date unless Congress reauthorizes them by statute.

Agencies may not reissue, enforce, revise, or act on a rule after it sunsets.

Agency heads must submit a reauthorization request to Congress at least one year before sunset with justifications; reports must be published.

Passage20/100

Large, controversial delegation shift with high indirect costs and limited compromise features makes enactment unlikely absent dominant congressional alignment.

CredibilityPartial

How solid the drafting looks.

Contention78/100

Progressives emphasize threats to health, environment, and civil protections.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesReduces long-term accumulation of federal regulations by forcing periodic congressional review.
  • Potential benefitCan lower compliance costs for businesses by allowing obsolete rules to lapse after five years.
  • Federal agenciesIncreases transparency through required agency reports and public posting of reauthorization requests.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenCreates regulatory uncertainty when rules automatically expire without assured congressional action.
  • Potential burdenShifts significant policymaking authority from agencies to Congress and OMB, altering administrative balance.
  • Potential burdenIncreases workload and legislative bottlenecks for Congress and agencies to process reauthorizations.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize threats to health, environment, and civil protections.
Progressive10%

Likely views the bill as a major rollback of administrative authority that threatens public-health, environmental, labor, and civil-rights protections.

Sees transfer of de facto regulatory power to Congress and risk of deregulatory churn.

Would emphasize harms to vulnerable communities and regulatory continuity.

Likely resistant
Centrist40%

Sees the bill as addressing legitimate accountability concerns but creating significant procedural and governance risks.

Wants clearer reauthorization processes, resources for agencies, and safeguards to avoid regulatory gaps.

Views some exemptions as helpful but process ambiguities worry solvency and costs.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Likely favors the bill as a substantive reassertion of congressional authority over the administrative state and a tool to limit permanent regulation.

Views automatic sunset as a mechanism to control regulatory growth and encourage legislative accountability.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood20/100

Large, controversial delegation shift with high indirect costs and limited compromise features makes enactment unlikely absent dominant congressional alignment.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Whether Congress will accept heavy reauthorization workload
  • Potential judicial review and constitutional challenges
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize threats to health, environment, and civil protections.

Large, controversial delegation shift with high indirect costs and limited compromise features makes enactment unlikely absent dominant con…

Unlocked analysis

Pro readers get the full perspective split, passage barriers, legislative design review, stakeholder impact map, and lens-based policy tradeoff analysis for Restoring Checks and Balances Act.

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis