H.R. 1388 (119th)Bill Overview

Fair-Value Accounting and Budget Act

Economics and Public Finance|Congressional oversightEconomics and Public Finance
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Feb 14, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on the Budget, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of su…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill requires the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to produce fair-value estimates for any legislation that creates or modifies loan or loan guarantee programs, and to include those estimates in the Budget and Economic Outlook baseline when practicable. It directs budget committee chairs to use CBO fair-value estimates for budget enforcement, requires annual OMB reports on fair-value estimates timed to the President’s budget submission, and adopts the Government Accounting Standards Board's February 2015 definition of fair value for this purpose.

Why people may split

Liberals worry fair-value will constrain social loan programs

Watch point

Narrow procedural change that could attract support in a fiscally-focused chamber, but may face opposition from program supporters.

The bill requires the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to produce fair-value estimates for any legislation that creates or modifies loan or loan guarantee programs, and to include those estimates in the Budget and Economic Outlook baseline when practicable.

It directs budget committee chairs to use CBO fair-value estimates for budget enforcement, requires annual OMB reports on fair-value estimates timed to the President’s budget submission, and adopts the Government Accounting Standards Board's February 2015 definition of fair value for this purpose.

Passage30/100

Technically narrow but politically consequential for scoring; plausible House support but substantial Senate and consensus barriers.

CredibilityPartial

How solid the drafting looks.

Contention33/100

Liberals worry fair-value will constrain social loan programs

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agencies · StatesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesProduces more comprehensive fiscal cost estimates incorporating market-risk adjustments for federal credit programs.
  • StatesIncreases transparency and comparability with private-sector and state fair-value analyses.
  • Potential benefitProvides consistent fair-value estimates for use in budget enforcement and compliance determinations.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenLikely raises reported budgetary costs of loan and guarantee programs, increasing apparent deficits.
  • Potential burdenCould discourage initiation or expansion of beneficial credit programs due to higher apparent budgetary impacts.
  • Potential burdenCreates additional analytic workload and data requirements for CBO and OMB.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals worry fair-value will constrain social loan programs
Progressive50%

Likely divided: supportive of more transparent, realistic accounting but wary that higher reported costs will constrain public loan programs.

Concern centers on whether fair-value scoring will be used to block progressive credit initiatives like affordable housing, student or green financing.

Split reaction
Centrist75%

Generally favorable toward improved and standardized budget scoring, with pragmatic concerns about methodology and implementation.

Will support accuracy and enforceability but want clear rules preventing gaming and avoiding undue program disruption.

Leans supportive
Conservative85%

Supportive: sees fair-value scoring as a way to reveal true taxpayer costs and limit federal credit expansions.

Likely to view it as a tool for fiscal restraint and preventing off-budget subsidy practices.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Technically narrow but politically consequential for scoring; plausible House support but substantial Senate and consensus barriers.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Whether CBO already produces comparable fair-value estimates
  • Extent of bipartisan support for changing scoring rules
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals worry fair-value will constrain social loan programs

Technically narrow but politically consequential for scoring; plausible House support but substantial Senate and consensus barriers.

Unlocked analysis

Pro readers get the full perspective split, passage barriers, legislative design review, stakeholder impact map, and lens-based policy tradeoff analysis for Fair-Value Accounting and Budget Act.

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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