H.R. 146 (119th)Bill Overview

Prohibition on IOER Act of 2025

Finance and Financial Sector|Banking and financial institutions regulationFederal Reserve System
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 3, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill amends the Federal Reserve Act to prohibit Federal Reserve Banks from paying earnings on balances held by or on behalf of depository institutions except as allowed for required reserve balances. In effect, it would eliminate interest paid on excess reserves (IOER).

Why people may split

Whether IOER is a bank 'subsidy' or a necessary Fed tool

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise statutory amendment that clearly states a prohibition on paying earnings on reserve balances and integrates that change into a specific subsection of the Federal Reserve Act.

The bill amends the Federal Reserve Act to prohibit Federal Reserve Banks from paying earnings on balances held by or on behalf of depository institutions except as allowed for required reserve balances.

In effect, it would eliminate interest paid on excess reserves (IOER).

The change is a narrow statutory restriction on a specific Fed operational tool and does not itself prescribe alternative monetary policy tools.

Passage20/100

Narrow but institutionally consequential; lacks compromise, may trigger strong opposition from central-bank supporters and procedural barriers.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise statutory amendment that clearly states a prohibition on paying earnings on reserve balances and integrates that change into a specific subsection of the Federal Reserve Act. It lacks explanatory findings, an explicit implementation timeline, fiscal discussion, transitional rules, and accountability mechanisms.

Contention65/100

Whether IOER is a bank 'subsidy' or a necessary Fed tool

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitMay incentivize banks to lend excess funds instead of holding them at the Fed, increasing credit availability.
  • Federal agenciesReduces payments from the Federal Reserve to banks, potentially increasing remittances to the Treasury.
  • Potential benefitEliminates what supporters view as an implicit subsidy for banks holding idle reserve balances.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenRemoves a primary Fed tool for implementing the policy rate, complicating monetary control.
  • Potential burdenCould increase volatility in overnight and short-term funding markets without IOER as a rate anchor.
  • Potential burdenMay push banks toward riskier assets or lending to avoid holding non‑yielding reserves, raising stability risks.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether IOER is a bank 'subsidy' or a necessary Fed tool
Progressive50%

Mainstream progressives would be divided.

Some favor removing what they view as a subsidy to big banks, but many worry that stripping a Fed tool could undermine inflation control and financial stability.

Split reaction
Centrist30%

Centrists would emphasize pragmatic concerns about stability and Federal Reserve independence.

They would seek analysis on macroeconomic consequences and prefer a carefully designed transition rather than an abrupt prohibition.

Likely resistant
Conservative75%

Mainstream conservatives are likely to view this positively as limiting perceived corporate welfare and reining in Fed interventions.

Some may still worry about transitional effects on interest rates and markets.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood20/100

Narrow but institutionally consequential; lacks compromise, may trigger strong opposition from central-bank supporters and procedural barriers.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Net macroeconomic effects and market reaction are unpredictable
  • Absent cost or CBO estimate in text
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether IOER is a bank 'subsidy' or a necessary Fed tool

Narrow but institutionally consequential; lacks compromise, may trigger strong opposition from central-bank supporters and procedural barri…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise statutory amendment that clearly states a prohibition on paying earnings on reserve balances and integrates that change into a specific subsection of the…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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