H.R. 1631 (119th)Bill Overview

Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025

Crime and Law Enforcement|Banking and financial institutions regulationCrime and Law Enforcement
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Republican
Introduced
Feb 26, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill amends 18 U.S.C. §2113 to define “ATM” and to declare that an ATM, and cash in transit to or from it, is considered in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of any bank, credit union, or savings and loan association, regardless of the ATM’s physical location or ownership. The change clarifies federal coverage of ATM robberies and related cash-transit incidents, extending that status even when the machine is off institutional premises or owned/operated by a third party.

Why people may split

Left worries about criminalization; right emphasizes law-and-order deterrence.

Watch point

Narrow, low-cost criminal-code clarification likely to receive bipartisan support in the House.

The bill amends 18 U.S.C. §2113 to define “ATM” and to declare that an ATM, and cash in transit to or from it, is considered in the care, custody, control, management, or possession of any bank, credit union, or savings and loan association, regardless of the ATM’s physical location or ownership.

The change clarifies federal coverage of ATM robberies and related cash-transit incidents, extending that status even when the machine is off institutional premises or owned/operated by a third party.

Passage65/100

Low fiscal impact, narrow scope, and crime-prevention framing increase chances; expansion of federal jurisdiction adds uncertainty.

CredibilityPartial

How solid the drafting looks.

Contention60/100

Left worries about criminalization; right emphasizes law-and-order deterrence.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLocal governments · Federal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesClarifies federal jurisdiction for robberies at off-premises ATMs, enabling federal prosecutions.
  • Potential benefitRemoves ambiguity about ATM ownership, simplifying evidence and charging decisions for prosecutors.
  • Federal agenciesExtends federal protection to cash in transit and cash-handling operations during loading or unloading.
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsExpands federal authority into offenses often prosecuted by state or local jurisdictions.
  • Potential burdenMay impose new legal exposure on third-party ATM operators classified as under bank control.
  • Federal agenciesCould increase federal investigative, prosecutorial, and correctional workload and associated costs.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Left worries about criminalization; right emphasizes law-and-order deterrence.
Progressive55%

Mixed reaction: values protecting cash access for underserved communities but worries about expanding federal criminal jurisdiction.

Sees clarification as narrow and practical, yet is concerned about criminal justice impacts and whether enforcement addresses root causes.

Split reaction
Centrist80%

Generally supportive as a pragmatic clarification that aids law enforcement and prosecutors.

Wants clarity on interactions with state law, cost, and impacts on private ATM operators before full endorsement.

Leans supportive
Conservative90%

Strongly favorable: views the bill as sensible law-and-order policy protecting property and public safety.

Sees federal clarity as deterrent to organized theft and helpful to banks and cash logistics.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood65/100

Low fiscal impact, narrow scope, and crime-prevention framing increase chances; expansion of federal jurisdiction adds uncertainty.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Interaction with existing 18 U.S.C. §2113 case law and interpretations
  • State objections to increased federal jurisdiction in local robberies
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Left worries about criminalization; right emphasizes law-and-order deterrence.

Low fiscal impact, narrow scope, and crime-prevention framing increase chances; expansion of federal jurisdiction adds uncertainty.

Unlocked analysis

Pro readers get the full perspective split, passage barriers, legislative design review, stakeholder impact map, and lens-based policy tradeoff analysis for Safe Access to Cash Act of 2025.

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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