H.R. 1653 (119th)Bill Overview

Civil Investigative Demand Reform Act of 2025

Finance and Financial Sector|Finance and Financial Sector
Sponsor
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Republican
Introduced
Feb 27, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill amends the Consumer Financial Protection Act to add procedural limits and protections for recipients of Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection civil investigative demands (CIDs). Key changes: a six‑year timing limit, a specificity requirement for alleged conduct, a formal attorney Q&A process with required Bureau responses and possible extensions, confidential treatment of petition contents, expanded grounds to set aside demands (including undue burden and duplicative requests), and judicial review of denied petitions to modify or set aside CIDs.

Why people may split

Liberals: worry bill weakens CFPB enforcement effectiveness

Watch point

Narrow, non‑fiscal procedural changes often clear House committees and floors more easily, but consumer‑protection opposition could reduce support.

The bill amends the Consumer Financial Protection Act to add procedural limits and protections for recipients of Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection civil investigative demands (CIDs).

Key changes: a six‑year timing limit, a specificity requirement for alleged conduct, a formal attorney Q&A process with required Bureau responses and possible extensions, confidential treatment of petition contents, expanded grounds to set aside demands (including undue burden and duplicative requests), and judicial review of denied petitions to modify or set aside CIDs.

Passage30/100

Technically modest and administrable but politically contested; likely to pass more easily in the House than the Senate absent broader agreement.

CredibilityPartial

How solid the drafting looks.

Contention65/100

Liberals: worry bill weakens CFPB enforcement effectiveness

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedCities · Federal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitReduces regulatory burden by limiting how long the Bureau may issue investigative demands.
  • Potential benefitRequires CIDs to be fact-specific, likely narrowing broad or fishing-expedition requests.
  • Potential benefitCreates a formal question-and-response path, potentially lowering needless litigation over demand scope.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenMay impede the Bureau's ability to investigate long-running or latent misconduct beyond six years.
  • CitiesStricter specificity requirements could restrict flexible fact-finding in complex investigations.
  • Federal agenciesMandatory agency responses and judicial review may increase CFPB administrative workload and litigation costs.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals: worry bill weakens CFPB enforcement effectiveness
Progressive30%

Likely skeptical of the bill because it strengthens procedural protections for CID targets and limits Bureau investigatory flexibility.

They will worry these changes could meaningfully slow or weaken enforcement of consumer financial laws and favor stronger consumer protections over added protections for regulated entities.

Likely resistant
Centrist65%

Will view the bill as a set of reasonable procedural clarifications that balance agency investigatory power and targets' due process rights.

Support will depend on safeguards to prevent excessive delay and preserve effective enforcement.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Will generally welcome the bill as necessary limits on CFPB investigatory overreach and as protections for businesses and individuals facing broad agency demands.

Sees judicial review and specificity requirements as accountability measures.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Technically modest and administrable but politically contested; likely to pass more easily in the House than the Senate absent broader agreement.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No CBO score or quantified administrative cost provided
  • Stakeholder reactions from consumer advocates and industry
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals: worry bill weakens CFPB enforcement effectiveness

Technically modest and administrable but politically contested; likely to pass more easily in the House than the Senate absent broader agre…

Unlocked analysis

Pro readers get the full perspective split, passage barriers, legislative design review, stakeholder impact map, and lens-based policy tradeoff analysis for Civil Investigative Demand Reform Act of 2025.

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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