H.R. 1788 (119th)Bill Overview

Fair Grocery Pricing Act

Commerce|Commerce
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Mar 3, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The Fair Grocery Pricing Act makes it unlawful for food producers to use coordinators or algorithmic systems that collect competitors' price or supply data, analyze it, and recommend prices or supply decisions. It treats subscribing to such services as a per se Sherman Act violation, prohibits coordinators from facilitating noncompetition, and authorizes enforcement by the FTC, DOJ, and state attorneys general.

Why people may split

Liberty vs protection: consumer price protection vs business freedom

Watch point

Narrow subject helps, but strong industry opposition and novel per se antitrust change raise committee and floor hurdles.

The Fair Grocery Pricing Act makes it unlawful for food producers to use coordinators or algorithmic systems that collect competitors' price or supply data, analyze it, and recommend prices or supply decisions.

It treats subscribing to such services as a per se Sherman Act violation, prohibits coordinators from facilitating noncompetition, and authorizes enforcement by the FTC, DOJ, and state attorneys general.

The Act creates a private right of action with treble damages and invalidates pre-dispute arbitration or joint-action waivers for claims under this law.

Passage40/100

Technically focused but legally consequential; litigation risk, industry opposition, and absence of compromise features reduce near-term prospects.

CredibilityPartial

How solid the drafting looks.

Contention72/100

Liberty vs protection: consumer price protection vs business freedom

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
ConsumersStates

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • ConsumersTargets algorithmic collusion, potentially reducing coordinated grocery price inflation for consumers.
  • Potential benefitGives regulators clearer statutory authority to pursue algorithm-driven price coordination cases.
  • Potential benefitEnables private suits with treble damages, increasing deterrence and potential compensation for victims.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenImposes compliance costs on food producers and analytics vendors redesigning software and practices.
  • Potential burdenCould chill legitimate dynamic pricing and inventory-optimization tools that rely on historical market data.
  • StatesLikely increases enforcement and litigation burdens for FTC, DOJ, state attorneys general, and courts.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberty vs protection: consumer price protection vs business freedom
Progressive90%

Likely supportive; views the bill as a targeted measure to prevent algorithmic collusion that harms consumers and food affordability.

Appreciates private enforcement, treble damages, and invalidation of arbitration waivers as accountability measures.

May want stronger civil penalties or broader coverage for vulnerable communities.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

Cautiously favorable with reservations; appreciates consumer protection aims but worries about vague definitions and unintended effects on legitimate pricing tools.

Wants clear rulemaking, safe harbors for procompetitive analytics, and fiscal and legal impact assessments.

Supports enforcement by established agencies but seeks guardrails against excessive litigation.

Split reaction
Conservative20%

Likely opposed; views the bill as regulatory overreach that expands antitrust per se rules to software and analytics, increases litigation, and interferes with private business operations.

Concerned about chilling innovation, burdening small and large firms, and shifting dispute resolution from arbitration to costly courts.

Foresees constitutional and administrative law challenges.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Technically focused but legally consequential; litigation risk, industry opposition, and absence of compromise features reduce near-term prospects.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • How courts will interpret 'coordinator' and 'coordinating function'.
  • Scope of coverage for internal company pricing tools.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberty vs protection: consumer price protection vs business freedom

Technically focused but legally consequential; litigation risk, industry opposition, and absence of compromise features reduce near-term pr…

Unlocked analysis

Pro readers get the full perspective split, passage barriers, legislative design review, stakeholder impact map, and lens-based policy tradeoff analysis for Fair Grocery Pricing Act.

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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