H.R. 1900 (119th)Bill Overview

Bank Failure Prevention Act of 2025

Finance and Financial Sector|Banking and financial institutions regulationBusiness records
Sponsor
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Mar 6, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 101.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends the Bank Holding Company Act, the Home Owners’ Loan Act, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to define when the administrative record for applications (acquisitions, mergers, approvals) is "complete." It requires agencies to notify applicants within 30 days whether the record is complete or what additional information is needed, allows a single 30-day extension for complex applications, treats an applicant’s timely response as completing the record unless materially deficient, prohibits basing completeness on third-party information, and requires agencies to grant or deny applications within 90 days of initial submission or have the application deemed granted. Agencies may toll the 90-day deadline at the applicant’s request, but not more than 30 days.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize weakened oversight and systemic risk.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-specified administrative/operational amendment that replaces ambiguous practice with concrete procedural rules and deadlines across multiple statutory frameworks.

This bill amends the Bank Holding Company Act, the Home Owners’ Loan Act, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to define when the administrative record for applications (acquisitions, mergers, approvals) is "complete." It requires agencies to notify applicants within 30 days whether the record is complete or what additional information is needed, allows a single 30-day extension for complex applications, treats an applicant’s timely response as completing the record unless materially deficient, prohibits basing completeness on third-party information, and requires agencies to grant or deny applications within 90 days of initial submission or have the application deemed granted.

Agencies may toll the 90-day deadline at the applicant’s request, but not more than 30 days.

Passage35/100

Narrow but consequential deregulatory procedural change easier in a receptive House, hard in the Senate due to institutional hurdles and likely agency opposition.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-specified administrative/operational amendment that replaces ambiguous practice with concrete procedural rules and deadlines across multiple statutory frameworks. It clearly defines responsible entities, timelines, and legal consequences for inaction.

Contention65/100

Progressives emphasize weakened oversight and systemic risk.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitCreates a predictable 90-day decision timetable, reducing transaction uncertainty for banks and investors.
  • Potential benefitReduces administrative uncertainty and compliance delays for applicants, lowering transaction costs.
  • Potential benefitLikely accelerates bank mergers and acquisitions by shortening regulatory waiting periods.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesShifts decision power toward applicants, limiting agency discretion and scrutiny.
  • Potential burdenCould prompt more post-approval litigation and enforcement, increasing public costs.
  • Potential burdenDeemed approvals risk allowing inadequately reviewed transactions to proceed.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize weakened oversight and systemic risk.
Progressive25%

Views the bill skeptically because it limits regulators’ discretion and creates automatic approvals if agencies miss deadlines.

Concerned these procedural rules could weaken scrutiny of mergers and acquisitions, raising financial stability and community impact risks.

Notes some procedural transparency gains but views them as insufficient to offset risks.

Likely resistant
Centrist60%

Sees legitimate benefits in predictability and reduced regulatory delay but worries the "deemed granted" rule and limits on third-party information reduce regulators' ability to fully evaluate complex deals.

Would favor the bill with targeted safeguards for complex or systemically important transactions.

Views some impacts as uncertain and dependent on implementing guidance.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Generally supportive because the bill constrains bureaucratic delay, imposes clear statutory deadlines, and prevents regulatory overreach.

Sees the prohibition on using third-party information to delay completeness as protecting applicants from external interference.

Believes faster approvals encourage investment and market functioning.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Narrow but consequential deregulatory procedural change easier in a receptive House, hard in the Senate due to institutional hurdles and likely agency opposition.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Absent cost or risk analyses in text
  • Extent of regulatory agency opposition or litigation risk
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize weakened oversight and systemic risk.

Narrow but consequential deregulatory procedural change easier in a receptive House, hard in the Senate due to institutional hurdles and li…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-specified administrative/operational amendment that replaces ambiguous practice with concrete procedural rules and deadlines across multiple statutory frame…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis