- Federal agenciesIncreases Federal detention capacity through construction or acquisition of 20 facilities.
- StatesReimburses States for incarceration and transport costs, reducing state fiscal burdens for transferred inmates.
- Local governmentsProvides grants for equipment and technology, likely increasing local procurement and contract opportunities.
CLEAR Act of 2025
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
The bill strengthens federal, State, and local cooperation in enforcing U.S. immigration laws by encouraging State and local assistance, conditioning certain federal grant funds on cooperation, and requiring information-sharing with Federal authorities. It directs inclusion of immigration violators in the NCIC, expands the Institutional Removal Program, requires training and grants to jurisdictions that assist enforcement, creates 20 additional federal detention facilities, sets procedures for transfer of custody to Federal authorities within 48 hours, and provides immunity for State and local officers and agencies acting under the law.
Left emphasizes civil-rights and community-trust harms; right emphasizes enforcement efficiency.
Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that is comparatively detailed in statutory amendments, assignment of implementing actors, and specified deadlines, but leaves major funding, safeguard, and some procedural specifics to agency discretion.
The bill strengthens federal, State, and local cooperation in enforcing U.S. immigration laws by encouraging State and local assistance, conditioning certain federal grant funds on cooperation, and requiring information-sharing with Federal authorities.
It directs inclusion of immigration violators in the NCIC, expands the Institutional Removal Program, requires training and grants to jurisdictions that assist enforcement, creates 20 additional federal detention facilities, sets procedures for transfer of custody to Federal authorities within 48 hours, and provides immunity for State and local officers and agencies acting under the law.
GAO audits and annual reporting requirements are included, and appropriations are authorized as necessary.
High fiscal cost, constitutional and civil-rights exposure, and strong ideological content lower prospects absent major narrowing or bipartisan compromise.
Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that is comparatively detailed in statutory amendments, assignment of implementing actors, and specified deadlines, but leaves major funding, safeguard, and some procedural specifics to agency discretion.
Left emphasizes civil-rights and community-trust harms; right emphasizes enforcement efficiency.
Who stands to gain, and who may push back.
These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.
- Federal agenciesRequires new Federal spending for detention construction, operations, reimbursements, and grants.
- Potential burdenNCIC entries regardless of notice or identification may increase risk of misidentification and wrongful actions.
- Federal agenciesBroad agency and officer immunity could reduce civil remedies for individuals alleging rights violations.
Why the argument around this bill splits.
Left emphasizes civil-rights and community-trust harms; right emphasizes enforcement efficiency.
Likely to view the bill critically, seeing expanded enforcement and data-sharing as threats to immigrant communities and civil liberties.
Concerns include chilling effects on crime reporting, expanded detention, and reduced local autonomy for community policing.
Mixed view: appreciates improved coordination, reimbursement, and training, but worries about costs, legal risks, and community policing impacts.
Would seek clearer cost estimates, constitutional vetting, and safeguards for vulnerable populations.
Likely to strongly support the bill as it enhances enforcement, empowers State and local cooperation, provides funding and detention capacity, and reduces obstacles to removals.
Views it as restoring rule-of-law control over immigration.
The path through Congress.
Reached or meaningfully advanced
Reached or meaningfully advanced
Still ahead
Still ahead
Still ahead
High fiscal cost, constitutional and civil-rights exposure, and strong ideological content lower prospects absent major narrowing or bipartisan compromise.
- No official cost estimate or appropriation amounts provided
- Potential legal challenges to data-sharing and immunity provisions
Recent votes on the bill.
No vote history yet
The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.
Go deeper than the headline read.
Left emphasizes civil-rights and community-trust harms; right emphasizes enforcement efficiency.
High fiscal cost, constitutional and civil-rights exposure, and strong ideological content lower prospects absent major narrowing or bipart…
Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that is comparatively detailed in statutory amendments, assignment of implementing actors, and specified deadlines, but leaves major fu…
Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.