H.R. 1954 (119th)Bill Overview

Do No Harm Act

Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues|Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Mar 6, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The Do No Harm Act amends the federal Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) to add exceptions where application would prevent harm to others. It says RFRA does not apply to federal anti-discrimination laws, workplace wage/benefit protections, child protection laws, or access to health care (including information, referrals, provision, or coverage).

Why people may split

Left emphasizes protecting civil rights and health access

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward statutory amendment that clearly inserts enumerated exceptions into RFRA and narrows the availability of private RFRA litigation, and the primary mechanism (direct changes to statutory text) is appropriate and precise.

The Do No Harm Act amends the federal Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) to add exceptions where application would prevent harm to others.

It says RFRA does not apply to federal anti-discrimination laws, workplace wage/benefit protections, child protection laws, or access to health care (including information, referrals, provision, or coverage).

It also exempts terms of government contracts and bars RFRA from being used to deny full and equal enjoyment of government goods or services.

Passage35/100

Narrow statutory change but high political salience; easier in one chamber than both, significant filibuster risk.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward statutory amendment that clearly inserts enumerated exceptions into RFRA and narrows the availability of private RFRA litigation, and the primary mechanism (direct changes to statutory text) is appropriate and precise.

Contention76/100

Left emphasizes protecting civil rights and health access

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesEmployers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesPreserves application of federal civil rights laws against RFRA-based exemptions.
  • Potential benefitMaintains access to health care services by preventing RFRA-based denials or refusals.
  • Potential benefitProtects employee benefits and workplace protections from religious exemption claims.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenNarrows RFRA protections for individuals and organizations asserting religious objections.
  • EmployersMay increase compliance costs and administrative burdens for religious employers and providers.
  • Potential burdenCould prompt new litigation over the statutory scope of 'health care item or service.'
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Left emphasizes protecting civil rights and health access
Progressive95%

This persona would view the bill positively as a needed fix to stop RFRA being used to excuse discrimination or deny health care.

They see it restoring the ability of federal civil-rights and health laws to operate without religious-law exemptions that harm third parties.

They would still note state RFRAs and implementation details remain uncertain.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

This persona would see the bill as a targeted, pragmatic refinement of RFRA balancing religious freedom and third-party protections.

They would appreciate the focus on federal statutes, contracts, and beneficiaries, but worry about implementation details and unintended burdens on small providers.

They would look for clearer definitions and administrative guidance before full endorsement.

Split reaction
Conservative15%

This persona would likely oppose the bill as a weakening of RFRA and an expansion of federal power over religious conscience.

They would worry it forces religious individuals and organizations to provide services contrary to beliefs, and undermines protections for faith-based contractors.

They may favor carve-outs for religious actors.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Narrow statutory change but high political salience; easier in one chamber than both, significant filibuster risk.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Absent congressional cost estimate or litigation impact study
  • Interaction with state RFRA laws is not addressed
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Left emphasizes protecting civil rights and health access

Narrow statutory change but high political salience; easier in one chamber than both, significant filibuster risk.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward statutory amendment that clearly inserts enumerated exceptions into RFRA and narrows the availability of private RFRA litigation, and the primary…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

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