H.R. 1963 (119th)Bill Overview

Agency Accountability and Cost Transparency Act of 2025

Government Operations and Politics|Government Operations and Politics
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Mar 6, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill requires heads of federal agencies, before issuing any "major rule," to estimate the rule's cost, identify existing agency rules that could be repealed to offset that cost, repeal any such identified rules, and publish a statement in the Federal Register indicating whether the rule is budget neutral. Definitions expand "rule" to include interpretative rules and guidance, define "cost" to include costs to the public to understand and implement the rule, and adopt the standard $100 million threshold for a "major rule."

Why people may split

Progressive fears rollbacks of protections; conservatives see deregulatory benefit.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill sets a clear, narrow administrative objective and supplies basic statutory definitions, but it provides limited operational detail, no resourcing or oversight provisions, and few safeguards for foreseeable edge cases.

The bill requires heads of federal agencies, before issuing any "major rule," to estimate the rule's cost, identify existing agency rules that could be repealed to offset that cost, repeal any such identified rules, and publish a statement in the Federal Register indicating whether the rule is budget neutral.

Definitions expand "rule" to include interpretative rules and guidance, define "cost" to include costs to the public to understand and implement the rule, and adopt the standard $100 million threshold for a "major rule."

Passage30/100

Technically narrow but politically charged deregulatory mandate, operational challenges, and weak compromise features lower enactment odds.

CredibilityMisaligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill sets a clear, narrow administrative objective and supplies basic statutory definitions, but it provides limited operational detail, no resourcing or oversight provisions, and few safeguards for foreseeable edge cases. The text establishes duties and sequencing in broad strokes but leaves significant practical questions about methodology, interactions with existing law, and enforcement unanswered.

Contention70/100

Progressive fears rollbacks of protections; conservatives see deregulatory benefit.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
StatesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • StatesIncreases transparency by requiring published cost estimates and budget-neutral statements for major rules.
  • Potential benefitEncourages agencies to consider offsets and eliminate duplicative or outdated rules prior to new rulemaking.
  • Potential benefitMay reduce net regulatory costs to the public if agencies repeal higher-cost rules.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenMay force repeal of existing protections to enable new regulatory actions, weakening safeguards.
  • Potential burdenCreates administrative burdens on agencies to identify, justify, and repeal offsetting rules before issuance.
  • Potential burdenCould conflict with statutory mandates that require agencies to adopt specific protections regardless of net cost.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressive fears rollbacks of protections; conservatives see deregulatory benefit.
Progressive15%

Likely skeptical or opposed.

The requirement to repeal existing rules to make a new major rule "budget neutral" could force rollbacks of public-protection regulations and limit agencies' ability to regulate for health, safety, environment, or civil rights.

Transparency is welcome, but the offset mandate is viewed as a deregulatory constraint.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

Mixed view.

Appreciates transparency and accountability but worries about legal ambiguity, administrative burden, and unintended barriers to necessary regulation.

Would want clearer definitions and narrowly tailored exceptions for urgent or protective rules.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Generally supportive.

Sees the bill as a tool to restrain regulatory growth, force offsets, and increase agency accountability.

Views inclusion of guidance as useful to prevent regulatory circumvention through non-binding documents.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Technically narrow but politically charged deregulatory mandate, operational challenges, and weak compromise features lower enactment odds.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • How agencies would legally repeal rules required by statute
  • Difficulty and defensibility of cost estimates required
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressive fears rollbacks of protections; conservatives see deregulatory benefit.

Technically narrow but politically charged deregulatory mandate, operational challenges, and weak compromise features lower enactment odds.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill sets a clear, narrow administrative objective and supplies basic statutory definitions, but it provides limited operational detail, no resourcing or oversight provisi…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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