H.R. 2135 (119th)Bill Overview

Caza Ranches LLC and Department of Homeland Security Land Exchange Act of 2025

Public Lands and Natural Resources|Public Lands and Natural Resources
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Mar 14, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill authorizes a land exchange between Caza Ranches LLC and the Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) in Artesia, New Mexico. Each party would convey approximately 160 acres to the other, with costs split equally, titles conforming to federal standards, and the acquired non‑Federal land added to FLETC for training structures.

Why people may split

Liberals stress environmental and cultural review requirements

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly targeted substantive land‑exchange statute that specifies parcels, responsible entity, basic terms, and post‑transfer administrative effects, but omits several executional and oversight details commonly expected for federal land conveyances.

This bill authorizes a land exchange between Caza Ranches LLC and the Department of Homeland Security’s Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) in Artesia, New Mexico.

Each party would convey approximately 160 acres to the other, with costs split equally, titles conforming to federal standards, and the acquired non‑Federal land added to FLETC for training structures.

The exchange requires a written agreement, allows minor map and boundary corrections, and directs the Secretary to file maps for public inspection.

Passage30/100

Content is narrow and routine; such land-exchange bills commonly succeed absent local opposition or procedural obstacles.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly targeted substantive land‑exchange statute that specifies parcels, responsible entity, basic terms, and post‑transfer administrative effects, but omits several executional and oversight details commonly expected for federal land conveyances.

Contention25/100

Liberals stress environmental and cultural review requirements

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsFederal agencies · Local governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitExpands FLETC training footprint, enabling construction of new training facilities on acquired land.
  • Local governmentsMay generate short-term local construction jobs and related economic activity.
  • Potential benefitSpecifies exchange terms and deemed equal value, potentially accelerating transfer timing.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesDeeming the parcels equal in value could transfer federal land without full market compensation.
  • Local governmentsErection of structures may cause localized environmental effects and require mitigation.
  • Potential burdenDirect authorized exchange could reduce opportunities for extended public review or competing offers.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals stress environmental and cultural review requirements
Progressive65%

Generally pragmatic support for a targeted land exchange that benefits federal training, but cautious about process safeguards.

Concerns focus on environmental review, public transparency, and protecting any affected cultural resources or public interests.

Split reaction
Centrist75%

Pragmatic conditional support if the exchange is genuinely equal in value and legally sound.

Wants clear appraisals, transparent cost accounting, and confirmation that the swap serves the public interest without undue cost to taxpayers.

Leans supportive
Conservative60%

Mixed support: welcomes a negotiated private‑public property exchange and local control, but wary of expanding federal holdings and using taxpayer funds.

Prefers private party to bear more costs and for transactions to be tightly limited.

Split reaction
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Content is narrow and routine; such land-exchange bills commonly succeed absent local opposition or procedural obstacles.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No CBO/Budget score provided
  • Environmental/NEPA review timing and findings
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals stress environmental and cultural review requirements

Content is narrow and routine; such land-exchange bills commonly succeed absent local opposition or procedural obstacles.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly targeted substantive land‑exchange statute that specifies parcels, responsible entity, basic terms, and post‑transfer administrative effects, but omits…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis