H.R. 2227 (119th)Bill Overview

WOLF Act of 2025

Agriculture and Food|Agriculture and Food
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Mar 18, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Agriculture.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill amends the Agricultural Act of 2014 to (1) require 100% indemnity payments for livestock attacks by Mexican gray wolves, and (2) direct the Secretary of Agriculture to provide annual emergency relief to producers whose herds are adversely affected by Mexican gray wolves. The Secretary must develop a formula within 180 days to allocate relief, considering herd size, state-level depredation rates, increased management costs, reduced birth rates, and producers' prevention practices.

Why people may split

Conservation vs property-rights emphasis over wolf recovery

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly amends existing statutory authorities to provide enhanced indemnity and to create an emergency relief mechanism for producers affected by Mexican gray wolves, with named implementing actors and some procedural deadlines and reporting requirements.

The bill amends the Agricultural Act of 2014 to (1) require 100% indemnity payments for livestock attacks by Mexican gray wolves, and (2) direct the Secretary of Agriculture to provide annual emergency relief to producers whose herds are adversely affected by Mexican gray wolves.

The Secretary must develop a formula within 180 days to allocate relief, considering herd size, state-level depredation rates, increased management costs, reduced birth rates, and producers' prevention practices.

The bill requires consultation with FSA, APHIS, and USFWS and annual reporting to congressional agriculture committees on relief distributed and recipients.

Passage45/100

Narrow, administrable change with clear constituency support but contentious conservation implications and added cost reduce overall prospects.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly amends existing statutory authorities to provide enhanced indemnity and to create an emergency relief mechanism for producers affected by Mexican gray wolves, with named implementing actors and some procedural deadlines and reporting requirements.

Contention45/100

Conservation vs property-rights emphasis over wolf recovery

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitProvides full-market-value compensation for livestock losses caused by Mexican gray wolves, reducing producers' direct…
  • Potential benefitReduces financial risk for ranching operations in affected areas, potentially supporting continued livestock production.
  • Local governmentsEmergency relief payments may stabilize rural farm incomes and local economies following depredation events.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesExpands federal financial obligations and could increase USDA program costs and budgetary pressure.
  • Potential burdenMay create incentives for reduced tolerance or increased lethal control of wolves despite ESA protections.
  • Potential burdenImposes administrative and verification burdens on USDA and producers to determine eligibility and payment amounts.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Conservation vs property-rights emphasis over wolf recovery
Progressive60%

Likely supportive of providing financial protection to small producers, but concerned about implications for Mexican gray wolf conservation.

Would emphasize tying payments to strong prevention practices and safeguards to avoid undermining endangered-species recovery.

Split reaction
Centrist75%

Pragmatic view: the bill addresses a clear hardship for livestock producers while building in data-driven allocation and agency consultation.

Support depends on transparent formula, cost control, and timely implementation.

Leans supportive
Conservative85%

Generally favorable: protects private property and compensates livestock owners fully for predator losses.

Viewed as correcting an imbalance that places undue burden on producers because of wildlife management decisions.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Narrow, administrable change with clear constituency support but contentious conservation implications and added cost reduce overall prospects.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No Congressional Budget Office cost estimate included
  • Potential conflict with Endangered Species Act protections
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Conservation vs property-rights emphasis over wolf recovery

Narrow, administrable change with clear constituency support but contentious conservation implications and added cost reduce overall prospe…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly amends existing statutory authorities to provide enhanced indemnity and to create an emergency relief mechanism for producers affected by Mexican gray wolves,…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis