H.R. 2274 (119th)Bill Overview

Court Shopping Deterrence Act

Law|Law
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Mar 21, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill adds a new section to Title 28 directing that appeals from district-court orders that grant a "nationwide injunction" must be taken directly to the Supreme Court. It defines "nationwide injunction" as a federal-court order restraining enforcement of a federal statute, regulation, order, or similar authority against a non‑party, except where the non‑party is represented by a party acting in a representative capacity under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Why people may split

Liberals emphasize lost remedies and rights protections; conservatives emphasize preventing judicial overreach

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill succinctly prescribes a direct appeal path to the Supreme Court for district-court-issued nationwide injunctions and supplies a basic statutory definition of 'nationwide injunction.'

The bill adds a new section to Title 28 directing that appeals from district-court orders that grant a "nationwide injunction" must be taken directly to the Supreme Court.

It defines "nationwide injunction" as a federal-court order restraining enforcement of a federal statute, regulation, order, or similar authority against a non‑party, except where the non‑party is represented by a party acting in a representative capacity under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

The change creates a statutory route for direct Supreme Court review of such orders.

Passage35/100

Technically narrow and low-cost but addresses a politically charged judicial practice and lacks compromise features, reducing enactment prospects.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill succinctly prescribes a direct appeal path to the Supreme Court for district-court-issued nationwide injunctions and supplies a basic statutory definition of 'nationwide injunction.'

Contention70/100

Liberals emphasize lost remedies and rights protections; conservatives emphasize preventing judicial overreach

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitRoutes appeals of nationwide injunctions directly to the Supreme Court, creating a single appellate forum.
  • Potential benefitMay reduce forum shopping by discouraging plaintiffs from seeking favorable district courts for nationwide relief.
  • Federal agenciesCould produce faster nationally uniform legal resolution of major federal questions.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenConcentrates initial appellate review in the Supreme Court, reducing routine circuit-court review.
  • Potential burdenCould increase the Supreme Court's caseload or force prioritization of these direct appeals.
  • Potential burdenMay delay immediate relief for plaintiffs who rely on rapid nationwide injunctions.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize lost remedies and rights protections; conservatives emphasize preventing judicial overreach
Progressive25%

Likely skeptical or opposed.

The provision centralizes review of broad injunctive relief and may make it harder for affected individuals or groups to obtain timely nationwide remedies.

It could reduce access to relief in rights-related cases and concentrate decision-making in the Supreme Court.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

Mixed view.

The provision addresses legitimate concerns about inconsistent nationwide injunctions and forum shopping, but raises practical concerns about Supreme Court capacity and potential delays for relief.

Would favor procedural safeguards and clearer definitions.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Likely supportive.

The measure curbs nationwide injunctions issued by single district judges and deters forum shopping, restoring a higher-level, uniform review for orders that block federal policy nationwide.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Technically narrow and low-cost but addresses a politically charged judicial practice and lacks compromise features, reducing enactment prospects.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Extent of bipartisan support in each chamber
  • Potential constitutional or jurisdictional challenges
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize lost remedies and rights protections; conservatives emphasize preventing judicial overreach

Technically narrow and low-cost but addresses a politically charged judicial practice and lacks compromise features, reducing enactment pro…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill succinctly prescribes a direct appeal path to the Supreme Court for district-court-issued nationwide injunctions and supplies a basic statutory definition of 'nationw…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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