H.R. 2538 (119th)Bill Overview

CARE Act of 2025

Health|Health
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Apr 1, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for c…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill requires the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) to implement a 5-year pilot — the Comprehensive Alternative Response for Emergencies Model — under Medicare Part B. The model pays providers for ground ambulance responses that dispatch but do not result in a transport, generally aligning payment rates with transport payments and allowing telehealth use and originating-site treatment.

Why people may split

Liberals highlight access and equity benefits; conservatives stress cost and federal overreach.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly creates a substantive change by adding a new CMMI model to permit Medicare Part B payment for ground-ambulance-delivered treatment responses that do not result in transport, and it pairs that change with a mandated GAO evaluation.

The bill requires the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) to implement a 5-year pilot — the Comprehensive Alternative Response for Emergencies Model — under Medicare Part B.

The model pays providers for ground ambulance responses that dispatch but do not result in a transport, generally aligning payment rates with transport payments and allowing telehealth use and originating-site treatment.

CMMI must begin the model within two years of enactment; the GAO must report on access, outcomes, utilization, regional variation, best practices, and recommendations within four years of implementation.

Passage40/100

Substantive but narrow pilot increases chance vs sweeping reforms; needs Senate action and enactment vehicle, and fiscal scrutiny.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly creates a substantive change by adding a new CMMI model to permit Medicare Part B payment for ground-ambulance-delivered treatment responses that do not result in transport, and it pairs that change with a mandated GAO evaluation. It specifies parties, timing, duration, and basic payment alignment rules while leaving many important implementation specifics to the Secretary.

Contention65/100

Liberals highlight access and equity benefits; conservatives stress cost and federal overreach.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitReduces unnecessary emergency department transports by reimbursing on-scene treatment without hospital transport.
  • Potential benefitMay lower overall Medicare costs by avoiding costly emergency department and inpatient services.
  • Local governmentsExpands reimbursement for EMS non-transport care, potentially increasing provider revenue and local employment.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenAligning payments to transport rates may increase Medicare spending without reducing total transports.
  • Potential burdenAdds administrative and documentation burdens for EMS providers delivering non-transport services.
  • Potential burdenRaises potential fraud and upcoding risks related to reimbursed non-transport encounters.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals highlight access and equity benefits; conservatives stress cost and federal overreach.
Progressive90%

Likely broadly supportive because the model can reduce unnecessary emergency department transports and expand care access in place.

They will value telehealth integration and potential reductions in costs and patient disruption.

They will want equity, strong patient protections, and data transparency.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Generally supportive of testing a pilot that could lower costs and improve care coordination, but cautious about program design.

They will emphasize rigorous evaluation, budget neutrality where possible, and protections against fraud and unintended consequences.

They favor evidence before national expansion.

Leans supportive
Conservative35%

Skeptical because the bill mandates CMMI run a new pilot and expands Medicare payments for non-transport services.

They will worry about federal overreach into local EMS operations, increased Medicare spending, and potential fraud.

They may support local flexibility but oppose mandated federal timelines and payment increases without cost controls.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Substantive but narrow pilot increases chance vs sweeping reforms; needs Senate action and enactment vehicle, and fiscal scrutiny.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or CBO score included
  • Stakeholder support from EMS, hospitals, insurers unknown
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals highlight access and equity benefits; conservatives stress cost and federal overreach.

Substantive but narrow pilot increases chance vs sweeping reforms; needs Senate action and enactment vehicle, and fiscal scrutiny.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly creates a substantive change by adding a new CMMI model to permit Medicare Part B payment for ground-ambulance-delivered treatment responses that do not resul…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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