H.R. 2874 (119th)Bill Overview

Defense of Conscience in Health Care Act

Health|Health
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Apr 10, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

Requires HHS, within six months of enactment, to issue a final rule identical or materially equivalent to 45 C.F.R. part 88 as it existed July 22, 2019, regarding protection of statutory conscience rights in health care, and to state that the rule supersedes any contrary rule. The bill defines “Federal conscience and anti-discrimination laws” by reference to that former rule.

Why people may split

Whether reinstating the 2019 rule prioritizes conscience over patient access

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise operational directive requiring the Secretary of HHS to promulgate a specified prior rule within a fixed timeframe and to have that rule supersede contrary rules.

Requires HHS, within six months of enactment, to issue a final rule identical or materially equivalent to 45 C.F.R. part 88 as it existed July 22, 2019, regarding protection of statutory conscience rights in health care, and to state that the rule supersedes any contrary rule.

The bill defines “Federal conscience and anti-discrimination laws” by reference to that former rule.

Passage30/100

Simple statutory instruction but on a polarizing topic; may pass a partisan House yet stall in the Senate and face litigation.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise operational directive requiring the Secretary of HHS to promulgate a specified prior rule within a fixed timeframe and to have that rule supersede contrary rules. The bill is clear about the action, authority, and timeline but relies on reinstating external regulatory text rather than reproducing substantive provisions in full.

Contention75/100

Whether reinstating the 2019 rule prioritizes conscience over patient access

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Workers · Federal agenciesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • WorkersReinforces statutory protections for health workers refusing participation on conscience grounds.
  • Federal agenciesCreates a uniform federal standard superseding conflicting agency rules.
  • Potential benefitMay increase HHS authority to investigate and enforce conscience-law complaints.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenMay reduce patient access to reproductive and end-of-life medical services.
  • Potential burdenCould enable refusals that critics say allow discrimination against certain patient groups.
  • Potential burdenCould increase compliance and administrative burdens for hospitals and clinics.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether reinstating the 2019 rule prioritizes conscience over patient access
Progressive15%

Likely views the bill skeptically because reinstating the 2019 conscience rule is seen as expanding providers' ability to refuse care.

Concern focuses on impacts to reproductive, LGBTQ, and other vulnerable patients' access to care.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

Mixed reaction: supports protecting sincere conscience rights but worries about patient access and legal conflicts.

Would look for clear limits, emergency obligations, and enforcement clarity to balance rights and care continuity.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Generally supportive: sees the bill as restoring a prior rule that protects providers from being compelled to participate in procedures against conscience, reinforcing religious liberty and free exercise protections.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Simple statutory instruction but on a polarizing topic; may pass a partisan House yet stall in the Senate and face litigation.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Exact substantive provisions of the referenced 2019 rule
  • No CBO cost estimate or fiscal analysis provided
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether reinstating the 2019 rule prioritizes conscience over patient access

Simple statutory instruction but on a polarizing topic; may pass a partisan House yet stall in the Senate and face litigation.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise operational directive requiring the Secretary of HHS to promulgate a specified prior rule within a fixed timeframe and to have that rule supersede contra…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis