H.R. 2978 (119th)Bill Overview

GUARD Act

Crime and Law Enforcement|Crime and Law Enforcement
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Apr 21, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for con…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill allows State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies receiving specified DOJ grant programs to use those funds to investigate elder financial fraud, pig butchering, and general financial fraud. It authorizes use of funds for hiring, training (including blockchain tracing training), software, coordination with financial institutions, and designating financial liaisons.

Why people may split

Privacy and civil-liberty concerns over blockchain tracing tools

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, operationally focused statute that permissively expands allowable uses of identified Federal grant programs for investigating several categories of financial fraud and establishes multiple reporting requirements and interagency reporting obligations.

This bill allows State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies receiving specified DOJ grant programs to use those funds to investigate elder financial fraud, pig butchering, and general financial fraud.

It authorizes use of funds for hiring, training (including blockchain tracing training), software, coordination with financial institutions, and designating financial liaisons.

The bill requires reporting by grantees to grantors, mandates interagency reports (Treasury/FinCEN and others) to Congress on scams and enforcement, and clarifies that Federal law enforcement may assist subnational agencies and fusion centers with blockchain tracing tools.

Passage55/100

Low fiscal cost, narrow focus, and law‑enforcement framing increase prospects, though technical privacy issues and interagency reporting may prompt debate.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, operationally focused statute that permissively expands allowable uses of identified Federal grant programs for investigating several categories of financial fraud and establishes multiple reporting requirements and interagency reporting obligations. It defines key terms and specifies actionable categories of permissible activity.

Contention28/100

Privacy and civil-liberty concerns over blockchain tracing tools

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governments · Federal agenciesLocal governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Local governmentsIncreases investigative capacity at State, local, and Tribal levels via grant-funded hiring and training.
  • Potential benefitExpands use of blockchain tracing tools to improve tracing of cryptocurrency proceeds.
  • Federal agenciesEncourages interagency coordination and data-sharing through financial liaisons and tabletop exercises.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenUse of blockchain tools and tracing may raise privacy and civil liberties concerns.
  • Potential burdenCompliance reporting and grant administration could impose burdens on smaller law enforcement agencies.
  • Local governmentsExisting grant funds shifted to these purposes might reduce support for other local public safety needs.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Privacy and civil-liberty concerns over blockchain tracing tools
Progressive85%

Likely broadly supportive because the bill targets scams that harm vulnerable older adults and expands training and victim-assistance capacity.

Concerned about privacy and civil liberties risks from expanded blockchain tracing and data sharing, and may want stronger victim restitution and consumer-protection measures added.

Leans supportive
Centrist78%

Generally supportive as a pragmatic, targeted improvement to fraud-fighting capacity that leverages existing grant programs and requires reporting.

Wants clearer cost/implementation details, performance metrics, and guardrails to avoid mission creep or duplicative federal-state efforts.

Leans supportive
Conservative70%

Likely supportive of stronger tools against fraud targeting seniors, valuing law enforcement capacity and prosecution.

Skeptical about expanded federal involvement, potential bureaucratic growth, and unintended privacy or regulatory burdens on banks and technology firms.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood55/100

Low fiscal cost, narrow focus, and law‑enforcement framing increase prospects, though technical privacy issues and interagency reporting may prompt debate.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or CBO score included
  • Extent of privacy and civil liberties pushback over tracing tools
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Privacy and civil-liberty concerns over blockchain tracing tools

Low fiscal cost, narrow focus, and law‑enforcement framing increase prospects, though technical privacy issues and interagency reporting ma…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, operationally focused statute that permissively expands allowable uses of identified Federal grant programs for investigating several categories of financ…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis