H.R. 306 (119th)Bill Overview

ESCRA Act

Finance and Financial Sector|Finance and Financial Sector
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Jan 9, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends the Credit Repair Organizations Act to tighten rules on credit repair businesses. It expands the statutory definition of credit repair organizations (including some attorney-related activity), bans taking payment before documented results, restricts repeated "jamming" disputes, strengthens disclosure and recordkeeping requirements, requires state licensing by Jan 1, 2026, sets formal rules for communications with data furnishers, and creates a $500 statutory damage per violation.

Why people may split

Left emphasizes consumer protection; right emphasizes regulatory burden and litigation risk.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that is generally specific in mechanisms and integrates into existing statute.

This bill amends the Credit Repair Organizations Act to tighten rules on credit repair businesses.

It expands the statutory definition of credit repair organizations (including some attorney-related activity), bans taking payment before documented results, restricts repeated "jamming" disputes, strengthens disclosure and recordkeeping requirements, requires state licensing by Jan 1, 2026, sets formal rules for communications with data furnishers, and creates a $500 statutory damage per violation.

Passage40/100

Technocratic consumer-protection bill with moderate compliance costs; possible bipartisan support but faces industry pushback and Senate procedural friction.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that is generally specific in mechanisms and integrates into existing statute. It provides detailed prohibitions, disclosure and documentation requirements, timelines, and a per-violation damages remedy, but it omits funding and detailed administrative implementation or enforcement processes.

Contention68/100

Left emphasizes consumer protection; right emphasizes regulatory burden and litigation risk.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Consumers · StatesStates · Consumers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • ConsumersReduces consumer fraud risk by banning misleading claims and strengthening documentation requirements.
  • ConsumersIncreases consumer access to evidence via required copies of communications and telephone recordings.
  • StatesEncourages industry compliance through state licensing and added statutory damages per violation.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenImposes new compliance costs for firms due to documentation, recordkeeping, and certification obligations.
  • StatesState licensing requirement could force some firms to cease operations if licenses are unavailable.
  • ConsumersBan on advance payments until a six-month consumer report may strain cash flow for businesses.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Left emphasizes consumer protection; right emphasizes regulatory burden and litigation risk.
Progressive90%

Likely broadly supportive: the bill prioritizes consumer protections, curbs abusive practices, and increases penalties for bad actors.

Progressives would view licensing, stronger disclosures, and an evidence-before-payment rule as important anti-fraud measures.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

Cautiously supportive: the bill addresses clear consumer-protection gaps but adds compliance burdens and potential litigation exposure.

A centrist would like clearer implementation detail and phased timelines to limit unintended consequences.

Split reaction
Conservative20%

Likely opposed: the bill expands federal regulation, adds liability, and mandates state licensing, which conservatives would view as burdensome to small businesses and attorneys.

They would be concerned about overreach and increased litigation incentives.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Technocratic consumer-protection bill with moderate compliance costs; possible bipartisan support but faces industry pushback and Senate procedural friction.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Absent cost estimate or agency implementation analysis
  • Strength and organization of industry lobbying opposition
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Left emphasizes consumer protection; right emphasizes regulatory burden and litigation risk.

Technocratic consumer-protection bill with moderate compliance costs; possible bipartisan support but faces industry pushback and Senate pr…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that is generally specific in mechanisms and integrates into existing statute. It provides detailed prohibitions, disclosure and docume…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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