H.R. 31 (119th)Bill Overview

POLICE Act of 2025

Immigration|Border security and unlawful immigrationCongressional oversight
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 3, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to make assault of a law enforcement officer a deportable offense. It defines covered circumstances (during performance, because of performance, or because of status) and broadly defines "law enforcement officer," including firefighters and first responders.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize due process and immigration impacts

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise statutory amendment that clearly creates a new deportability ground for assaulting a law enforcement officer and imposes a limited annual reporting obligation.

This bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to make assault of a law enforcement officer a deportable offense.

It defines covered circumstances (during performance, because of performance, or because of status) and broadly defines "law enforcement officer," including firefighters and first responders.

The bill allows deportability based on conviction or an admission of acts constituting the offense.

Passage35/100

Substantive but narrow change increases deportations; politically salient and potentially divisive, making final enactment uncertain.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise statutory amendment that clearly creates a new deportability ground for assaulting a law enforcement officer and imposes a limited annual reporting obligation. Its legal insertion into the INA is specific and operationally usable within existing removal frameworks.

Contention75/100

Progressives emphasize due process and immigration impacts

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedFamilies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitCreates an explicit immigration ground to remove noncitizens who assault law enforcement officers.
  • Potential benefitSupporters may argue it deters assaults against officers and first responders.
  • Potential benefitRequires DHS to produce annual deportation data, increasing transparency about enforcement in this area.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenIncludes admissions as a basis for deportation, raising due process and self-incrimination concerns.
  • Potential burdenMay increase DHS, detention, and removal costs and burden immigration court dockets.
  • FamiliesRisk of deporting long-term residents and family disruption from immigration consequences of assaults.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize due process and immigration impacts
Progressive20%

Likely to view the bill skeptically because it expands deportable offenses and includes admissions as sufficient grounds for deportation.

Concern will focus on disproportionate impacts on immigrant communities, due process risks, and potential criminalization of minor encounters.

Support may rise only if strict safeguards and narrow scope are added.

Likely resistant
Centrist60%

Likely to take a cautious, case-by-case view: supportive of protecting officers but concerned about clarity and implementation.

Will emphasize need for clear definitions, due process protections, and resource considerations for DHS and courts.

May support if narrow tailoring and conviction requirement included.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Likely to strongly support the bill as a reasonable measure to protect law enforcement and first responders and to strengthen immigration enforcement.

Will emphasize public safety, deterrence, and accountability, viewing the admissions provision as useful for enforcement.

Support may be higher if implementation is prompt.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Substantive but narrow change increases deportations; politically salient and potentially divisive, making final enactment uncertain.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or appropriations language provided
  • Applicability to lawful permanent residents unspecified
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize due process and immigration impacts

Substantive but narrow change increases deportations; politically salient and potentially divisive, making final enactment uncertain.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise statutory amendment that clearly creates a new deportability ground for assaulting a law enforcement officer and imposes a limited annual reporting oblig…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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