H.R. 3164 (119th)Bill Overview

Ensuring Community Access to Pharmacist Services Act

Health|Health
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
May 1, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for c…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

Adds a new Medicare Part B benefit covering certain pharmacist services, defines eligible pharmacist services (including visits for evaluation/management and testing/treatment for respiratory infections and declared public-health-emergency needs), requires services follow applicable State supervision/collaboration rules, sets a payment formula (Medicare payment equal to 80% of the lesser of actual charge or 85% of the applicable physician/payment-basis amount, with 100% used for public-health-need services), prohibits balance billing by pharmacists, and makes the changes effective January 1, 2026.

Why people may split

Liberals emphasize access and public-health benefits; conservatives stress federal cost and expansion.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a direct statutory amendment that establishes Medicare Part B coverage and payment parameters for certain pharmacist-provided testing and treatment services, integrates into existing Medicare statutory sections, and specifies an effective date.

Adds a new Medicare Part B benefit covering certain pharmacist services, defines eligible pharmacist services (including visits for evaluation/management and testing/treatment for respiratory infections and declared public-health-emergency needs), requires services follow applicable State supervision/collaboration rules, sets a payment formula (Medicare payment equal to 80% of the lesser of actual charge or 85% of the applicable physician/payment-basis amount, with 100% used for public-health-need services), prohibits balance billing by pharmacists, and makes the changes effective January 1, 2026.

Passage45/100

Practically narrow and administrable, with likely stakeholder debate on scope and costs; passing both chambers requires negotiating payment and professional-group concerns.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a direct statutory amendment that establishes Medicare Part B coverage and payment parameters for certain pharmacist-provided testing and treatment services, integrates into existing Medicare statutory sections, and specifies an effective date.

Contention60/100

Liberals emphasize access and public-health benefits; conservatives stress federal cost and expansion.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
CommunitiesStates

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • CommunitiesExpands patient access to testing and treatment at community pharmacies.
  • Potential benefitEnables faster diagnosis and treatment for common respiratory infections.
  • Potential benefitMay reduce demand on physician offices and emergency departments for simple testing.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenCould increase Medicare spending and overall utilization of covered services.
  • Potential burdenAdds administrative and billing complexity for pharmacies and Medicare contractors.
  • StatesState variation in pharmacist scope-of-practice may produce uneven geographic access.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize access and public-health benefits; conservatives stress federal cost and expansion.
Progressive75%

Generally supportive: expands access to community-based care, strengthens epidemic response, and protects patients from surprise billing.

Sees pharmacists as an underutilized workforce for testing and treatment.

Some concerns about limited scope and payment adequacy.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Cautiously favorable as a pragmatic, incremental expansion of Medicare provider types that leverages existing pharmacy capacity.

Appreciates defined payment mechanism and balance-billing prohibition, but wants clarity on costs, oversight, and operational details.

Leans supportive
Conservative35%

Skeptical: cautious about expanding federal coverage and adding a new Medicare-paid provider category.

May appreciate increased access but worries about federal costs, regulatory expansion, and impacts on physician-led care.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Practically narrow and administrable, with likely stakeholder debate on scope and costs; passing both chambers requires negotiating payment and professional-group concerns.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Magnitude of projected Medicare cost absent CBO estimate
  • Positions of physician and pharmacy stakeholder organizations
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize access and public-health benefits; conservatives stress federal cost and expansion.

Practically narrow and administrable, with likely stakeholder debate on scope and costs; passing both chambers requires negotiating payment…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a direct statutory amendment that establishes Medicare Part B coverage and payment parameters for certain pharmacist-provided testing and treatment services, integ…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis