H.R. 3199 (119th)Bill Overview

Captive Primate Safety Act of 2025

Animals|Animals
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Democratic
Introduced
May 5, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Natural Resources.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends the Lacey Act to define “prohibited primate species” broadly (nonhuman primates and hybrids) and generally bans import, export, interstate commerce, breeding, and possession of those primates. It creates limited exceptions (transit, research facilities registered with USDA, and a narrow grandfathering for animals born before enactment subject to registration, no breeding, and no public contact).

Why people may split

Liberals emphasize animal welfare and zoonotic risk reductions

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear substantive amendment to the Lacey Act that sets out broad prohibitions on activities involving nonhuman primates and establishes a limited set of exceptions and an administrative timeline, but it exhibits drafting ambiguities and limited implementation and resourcing detail.

This bill amends the Lacey Act to define “prohibited primate species” broadly (nonhuman primates and hybrids) and generally bans import, export, interstate commerce, breeding, and possession of those primates.

It creates limited exceptions (transit, research facilities registered with USDA, and a narrow grandfathering for animals born before enactment subject to registration, no breeding, and no public contact).

The Secretary of the Interior must issue implementing regulations within 180 days, and enforceability does not depend on that rulemaking.

Passage35/100

Substantive but narrow regulatory change with compromise features; plausible bipartisan support but common committee and floor hurdles lower enactment chances.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear substantive amendment to the Lacey Act that sets out broad prohibitions on activities involving nonhuman primates and establishes a limited set of exceptions and an administrative timeline, but it exhibits drafting ambiguities and limited implementation and resourcing detail.

Contention58/100

Liberals emphasize animal welfare and zoonotic risk reductions

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesSmall businesses

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitLikely reduces public safety risks from private ownership and public interactions with primates.
  • Potential benefitMay lower zoonotic disease transmission risks by restricting private and commercial primate contact.
  • Federal agenciesEstablishes a uniform federal standard, reducing interstate regulatory inconsistencies for primate trade.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenImposes compliance costs and administrative burdens on current private owners, rescues, and sanctuaries.
  • Potential burdenGrandfathering plus registration requirements may force relocations or relinquishments with associated expenses.
  • Small businessesCould curtail small businesses or breeders involved in interstate primate commerce.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize animal welfare and zoonotic risk reductions
Progressive90%

Likely broadly supportive.

The bill restricts private ownership and interstate trade in nonhuman primates, aligning with animal welfare and public-health priorities.

Concerns would focus on adequate funding for enforcement and humane care for grandfathered animals.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Generally favorable but pragmatic; supports reducing risky private primate ownership while wanting clear implementation, cost estimates, and protections for legitimate facilities.

Would seek operational detail and phased enforcement to avoid unintended harm.

Leans supportive
Conservative30%

Skeptical overall.

Sees the measure as federal overreach that restricts private property and small businesses, imposes regulatory burdens, and could interfere with state authority and legitimate exhibitors or owners.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Substantive but narrow regulatory change with compromise features; plausible bipartisan support but common committee and floor hurdles lower enactment chances.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or funding for enforcement provided
  • Potential state-law conflicts and preemption disputes
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize animal welfare and zoonotic risk reductions

Substantive but narrow regulatory change with compromise features; plausible bipartisan support but common committee and floor hurdles lowe…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear substantive amendment to the Lacey Act that sets out broad prohibitions on activities involving nonhuman primates and establishes a limited set of exceptio…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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