H.R. 3463 (119th)Bill Overview

COUNTER Act

Armed Forces and National Security|Armed Forces and National Security
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Republican
Introduced
May 15, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

This bill amends 10 U.S.C. §130i to broaden Department of Defense authority to mitigate threats from unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), explicitly permit delegation of that authority, and allow use of remote identification.

It creates a disclosure exemption for technologies, clarifies that certain criminal statutes and a provision of title 49 do not apply to DoD or Coast Guard activities conducted outside the United States related to UAS threat mitigation, expands listed DoD mission areas and assistance to other agencies, and extends and adjusts several deadlines and reporting timelines.

Passage40/100

Substantive national-security aims help prospects, but legal immunity/FOIA carveouts and interagency/federalism concerns lower standalone passage likelihood absent incorporation into broader defense legislation.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory amendment that clearly specifies legal authorities, carve-outs, and delegation for mitigation of unmanned aircraft threats, with explicit changes to existing statutes. It is well integrated into existing law and specific in wording, but it provides limited fiscal framing, limited operational procedural detail, and limited accountability measures.

Contention55/100

Secrecy exemption: civil-liberties concern vs operational security priority

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Federal agenciesTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersEnables faster operational responses to hostile or unauthorized unmanned aircraft threats.
  • Targeted stakeholdersDelegation authority allows combatant commanders quicker decision-making in theater.
  • Federal agenciesClarified legal authorities may improve interagency coordination during UAS incidents.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersExemption from disclosure reduces public transparency and limits external oversight.
  • Targeted stakeholdersCarving out criminal statutes for activities abroad may weaken legal accountability and review.
  • Targeted stakeholdersExpanded military authorities risk scope creep into domestic or allied jurisdictions.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Secrecy exemption: civil-liberties concern vs operational security priority
Progressive45%

Likely to acknowledge the need to counter hostile unmanned aircraft and help respond to WMD incidents, but concerned about secrecy, legal exemptions, and domestic civil liberties.

Wants stronger congressional oversight, transparency to appropriate committees, and limits on domestic use and immunities.

Split reaction
Centrist65%

Generally supportive of strengthening defenses against UAS threats while insisting on clear guardrails.

Sees operational delegation and remote ID as practical, but wants precise statutory limits, congressional notification, and narrowly tailored exemptions.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Likely to view the bill favorably as strengthening national security and enabling rapid, effective responses to drone threats.

Appreciates delegation to combatant commands and reduced legal friction for operations, with less focus on disclosure concerns.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Substantive national-security aims help prospects, but legal immunity/FOIA carveouts and interagency/federalism concerns lower standalone passage likelihood absent incorporation into broader defense legislation.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or CBO scoring included
  • Extent of permitted domestic DoD activities remains partly ambiguous
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Secrecy exemption: civil-liberties concern vs operational security priority

Substantive national-security aims help prospects, but legal immunity/FOIA carveouts and interagency/federalism concerns lower standalone p…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory amendment that clearly specifies legal authorities, carve-outs, and delegation for mitigation of unmanned aircraft threats, with explicit c…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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