H.R. 3502 (119th)Bill Overview

Wrongful Injunction Accountability Act

Law|Law
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
May 19, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill makes a party that moves to enjoin or restrain the United States financially liable for costs and damages if a court later finds the injunction or restraint was wrongful and the Rule 65 security (bond) was not ordered or was insufficient. It applies to the United States, including agencies, officers, and employees.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize chilling effects on public‑interest suits

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly identifies a specific problem and creates a direct liability remedy, but its construction is minimal and lacks detailed mechanisms, implementation procedures, fiscal acknowledgement, integration with existing law, and protections for foreseeable edge cases.

The bill makes a party that moves to enjoin or restrain the United States financially liable for costs and damages if a court later finds the injunction or restraint was wrongful and the Rule 65 security (bond) was not ordered or was insufficient.

It applies to the United States, including agencies, officers, and employees.

The movant is charged with paying the costs and damages the United States sustained when bond protections are absent or inadequate.

Passage35/100

Simple, low‑cost statutory tweak that still raises civil‑liberties and access‑to‑court objections; modest chance absent political alignment.

CredibilityMisaligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly identifies a specific problem and creates a direct liability remedy, but its construction is minimal and lacks detailed mechanisms, implementation procedures, fiscal acknowledgement, integration with existing law, and protections for foreseeable edge cases.

Contention70/100

Progressives emphasize chilling effects on public‑interest suits

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Taxpayers · StatesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • TaxpayersReduces taxpayer losses by enabling the United States to recover costs and damages from wrongful injunctions.
  • Potential benefitIncentivizes plaintiffs and their lawyers to avoid filing weak or speculative injunction motions.
  • StatesEncourages courts to order adequate security or bonds before issuing injunctions against the United States.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenMay deter individuals and groups from seeking emergency injunctions against the government due to financial liability r…
  • Potential burdenCould disproportionately burden low-resourced plaintiffs who cannot post security or pay later damages.
  • Potential burdenMight increase litigation over whether an injunction was 'wrongful' and the amount of damages owed.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize chilling effects on public‑interest suits
Progressive35%

Sees taxpayer protection merits but worries the provision will chill meritorious public‑interest litigation.

Would seek narrow standards and explicit good‑faith defenses before supporting.

Likely resistant
Centrist65%

Views the bill as a reasonable taxpayer protection measure but notes the text is sparse.

Would favor it if courts get clear procedures and safeguards to protect legitimate challenges.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Likely supportive as a tool to hold plaintiffs accountable and deter injunction abuse against the federal government.

Sees it as protecting federal operations and taxpayer dollars.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Simple, low‑cost statutory tweak that still raises civil‑liberties and access‑to‑court objections; modest chance absent political alignment.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or CBO score included
  • Bill lacks definition of “movant” and scope of liable parties
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize chilling effects on public‑interest suits

Simple, low‑cost statutory tweak that still raises civil‑liberties and access‑to‑court objections; modest chance absent political alignment.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly identifies a specific problem and creates a direct liability remedy, but its construction is minimal and lacks detailed mechanisms, implementation procedures,…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis