- Potential benefitReduces risk of summary returns for people fleeing religious persecution in designated countries.
- Potential benefitEnsures greater access to full asylum screening and immigration hearings for affected nationals.
- StatesAligns expedited removal practice with State Department religious freedom designations.
Artemis Act of 2025
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
This bill amends INA section 235(b)(1) to exempt from expedited removal any noncitizen who is a native, citizen, or would be removed to a "country of concern." "Country of concern" is defined by reference to Secretary of State designations under the International Religious Freedom Act (countries of particular concern or special watch list countries). The change removes expedited removal authority for those covered, meaning such individuals would not be summarily removed under section 235(b)(1).
Progressives emphasize humanitarian due-process and asylum access benefits.
Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise substantive amendment that creates a specific exception to expedited removal tied to State Department designations, but it contains drafting imperfections and omits implementation, fiscal, and oversight details that would normally accompany a change affecting immigration enforcement procedures.
This bill amends INA section 235(b)(1) to exempt from expedited removal any noncitizen who is a native, citizen, or would be removed to a "country of concern." "Country of concern" is defined by reference to Secretary of State designations under the International Religious Freedom Act (countries of particular concern or special watch list countries).
The change removes expedited removal authority for those covered, meaning such individuals would not be summarily removed under section 235(b)(1).
The bill does not itself specify implementation details, funding, or alternative procedures.
Narrow statutory tweak but on a divisive policy area with fiscal implications and limited compromise features.
Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise substantive amendment that creates a specific exception to expedited removal tied to State Department designations, but it contains drafting imperfections and omits implementation, fiscal, and oversight details that would normally accompany a change affecting immigration enforcement procedures.
Progressives emphasize humanitarian due-process and asylum access benefits.
Who stands to gain, and who may push back.
These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.
- Potential burdenIncreases processing time and administrative backlog for border and immigration agencies.
- Potential burdenAdds fiscal costs for additional adjudication, detention, or legal representation needs.
- Potential burdenCould incentivize migrants to claim nationality of designated countries to avoid expedited removal.
Why the argument around this bill splits.
Progressives emphasize humanitarian due-process and asylum access benefits.
Likely supportive.
The change protects people from countries with documented religious freedom violations from summary removal, increasing access to asylum adjudication and due process.
Supporters would see this as a targeted humanitarian and human-rights measure.
Cautiously favorable but pragmatic.
The intent to protect persecuted people is understandable, but the bill lacks operational detail and funding.
The centrist view balances humanitarian goals with concerns about border management, processing capacity, and potential for abuse.
Likely opposed.
The bill curtails expedited removal and is seen as weakening border enforcement, creating a procedural loophole tied to political designations, and adding administrative burdens without security guarantees.
The path through Congress.
Reached or meaningfully advanced
Reached or meaningfully advanced
Still ahead
Still ahead
Still ahead
Narrow statutory tweak but on a divisive policy area with fiscal implications and limited compromise features.
- No cost estimate or appropriation details provided
- Number and identity of countries affected is variable
Recent votes on the bill.
No vote history yet
The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.
Go deeper than the headline read.
Progressives emphasize humanitarian due-process and asylum access benefits.
Narrow statutory tweak but on a divisive policy area with fiscal implications and limited compromise features.
Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise substantive amendment that creates a specific exception to expedited removal tied to State Department designations, but it contains drafting imperfection…
Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.