H.R. 3535 (119th)Bill Overview

Stop Foreign Funds in Elections Act

Government Operations and Politics|Government Operations and Politics
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Democratic
Introduced
May 21, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on House Administration.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends the Federal Election Campaign Act to extend the existing prohibition on contributions and donations by foreign nationals so that it explicitly covers contributions or donations made in connection with state and local ballot initiatives, referenda, and recall elections. The prohibition applies to contributions and donations made on or after enactment.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize closing foreign-influence loophole; conservatives worry about federal overreach.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly and directly extends an existing statutory prohibition to include state and local ballot initiatives, referenda, and recall elections.

This bill amends the Federal Election Campaign Act to extend the existing prohibition on contributions and donations by foreign nationals so that it explicitly covers contributions or donations made in connection with state and local ballot initiatives, referenda, and recall elections.

The prohibition applies to contributions and donations made on or after enactment.

Passage35/100

Content is narrow and broadly appealing, reducing opposition risk, but federalism and procedural hurdles in the Senate and lack of compromise features lower chances.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly and directly extends an existing statutory prohibition to include state and local ballot initiatives, referenda, and recall elections. It specifies the exact textual change and an effective date, integrating cleanly with the cited provision of the Federal Election Campaign Act.

Contention28/100

Progressives emphasize closing foreign-influence loophole; conservatives worry about federal overreach.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Local governmentsReduces the risk of foreign financial influence on state and local ballot measures and recall campaigns.
  • Potential benefitAligns treatment of ballot initiatives and referenda with candidate-election contribution prohibitions.
  • Potential benefitMay decrease available funding for some ballot campaigns that previously accepted foreign-donor money.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenAdds compliance obligations for organizations that fund or support ballot measures and recalls.
  • Federal agenciesMay increase enforcement workload for federal and state agencies monitoring campaign finance.
  • Potential burdenCould produce legal challenges alleging overbreadth or First Amendment impacts on political speech.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize closing foreign-influence loophole; conservatives worry about federal overreach.
Progressive85%

Likely supportive overall as it closes a gap that could allow foreign influence in subnational direct democracy.

They will welcome the bipartisan intent to protect electoral integrity while watching for First Amendment and civil-society side effects.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Generally favorable because it addresses foreign interference concerns and is narrow in scope, but cautious about implementation details, costs to compliance, and legal defensibility.

Will want clear statutory language and administrative guidance to reduce litigation risk.

Leans supportive
Conservative65%

Cautiously supportive on the grounds of preventing foreign influence and protecting sovereignty, but concerned about federal intrusion into state ballot processes and possible regulatory burdens on grassroots groups.

May favor narrower language preserving state authority.

Split reaction
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Content is narrow and broadly appealing, reducing opposition risk, but federalism and procedural hurdles in the Senate and lack of compromise features lower chances.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Potential constitutional challenges (First Amendment) to scope
  • How enforcement will be resourced and administered
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize closing foreign-influence loophole; conservatives worry about federal overreach.

Content is narrow and broadly appealing, reducing opposition risk, but federalism and procedural hurdles in the Senate and lack of compromi…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly and directly extends an existing statutory prohibition to include state and local ballot initiatives, referenda, and rec…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis