H.R. 357 (119th)Bill Overview

Back to Work Act

Government Operations and Politics|CommutingComputers and information technology
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 13, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill (Back to Work Act) would limit federal employee telework to no more than 40% of work days per pay period, require annual agency head approval and monitoring of telework, and allow agency heads to further limit or waive the cap for specified situations. It denies teleworking employees eligibility for pay adjustments under 5 U.S.C. §5303 and sets their locality pay to the "Rest of United States" rate, and requires annual agency reports on telework metrics with GAO review.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize lost flexibility and privacy harms; conservatives emphasize accountability and security.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clearly focused substantive policy change that amends title 5 to limit Federal telework, prescribes agency-level approval and monitoring responsibilities, defines several waiver categories, alters certain pay entitlements for teleworking employees, and establishes annual reporting with GAO review.

The bill (Back to Work Act) would limit federal employee telework to no more than 40% of work days per pay period, require annual agency head approval and monitoring of telework, and allow agency heads to further limit or waive the cap for specified situations.

It denies teleworking employees eligibility for pay adjustments under 5 U.S.C. §5303 and sets their locality pay to the "Rest of United States" rate, and requires annual agency reports on telework metrics with GAO review.

The amendments take effect 180 days after enactment.

Passage30/100

Moderate, targeted changes increase House prospects but pay penalties, stakeholder opposition, and Senate barriers lower enactment chances.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clearly focused substantive policy change that amends title 5 to limit Federal telework, prescribes agency-level approval and monitoring responsibilities, defines several waiver categories, alters certain pay entitlements for teleworking employees, and establishes annual reporting with GAO review. It is specific in statutory amendments and assigns responsibility and timelines, but it omits fiscal acknowledgements, detailed operational definitions for monitoring and productivity measurement, and transitional or labor-relations guidance.

Contention65/100

Progressives emphasize lost flexibility and privacy harms; conservatives emphasize accountability and security.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Workers · Local governmentsLocal governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • WorkersIncreased in-person collaboration and supervision could improve coordination and management.
  • Local governmentsPotential payroll savings from applying Rest of U.S. locality pay and eliminating general pay adjustments.
  • Potential benefitReduced cybersecurity and classified information risks by limiting remote access frequency.
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsReduced ability to recruit and retain employees in high-cost areas due to lower locality pay.
  • Potential burdenIncreased commuting raises employee expenses and greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Potential burdenAdministrative and technical costs increase from monitoring, evaluations, and annual reports.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize lost flexibility and privacy harms; conservatives emphasize accountability and security.
Progressive20%

Overall likely opposed.

The persona would view the bill as a rollback of workplace flexibility that could harm caregivers, people with disabilities, and telework-preferred employees.

They would welcome agency accountability for security if narrowly targeted, but see broad monitoring and pay penalties as punitive.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

Mixed view.

The persona would appreciate clearer limits, agency flexibility, and required reporting, but worry about one-size-fits-all rules, pay impacts, and administrative burdens.

Likely supportive of evidence-based adjustments and tighter privacy safeguards before full implementation.

Split reaction
Conservative80%

Generally supportive.

The persona would view the bill as restoring in-person accountability, reducing abuse of telework, and strengthening security.

They appreciate agency authority to tailor rules and the requirement for oversight and GAO review.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Moderate, targeted changes increase House prospects but pay penalties, stakeholder opposition, and Senate barriers lower enactment chances.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Administration stance and likely executive support or veto
  • Strength of federal employee union and stakeholder opposition
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize lost flexibility and privacy harms; conservatives emphasize accountability and security.

Moderate, targeted changes increase House prospects but pay penalties, stakeholder opposition, and Senate barriers lower enactment chances.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clearly focused substantive policy change that amends title 5 to limit Federal telework, prescribes agency-level approval and monitoring responsibilities, define…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis