H.R. 3603 (119th)Bill Overview

Andrew Kearse Accountability for Denial of Medical Care Act of 2025

Crime and Law Enforcement|Crime and Law Enforcement
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
May 23, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

Creates a new criminal offense for federal law enforcement, Bureau of Prisons, and U.S. Marshals Service officials who negligently fail to obtain or provide immediate medical attention to detained individuals exhibiting medical distress that results in unnecessary pain, injury, or death. Penalty: fine and/or up to one year imprisonment.

Why people may split

Accountability versus criminalizing ordinary mistakes

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly defines its goal and establishes substantive legal obligations (a criminal offense for negligent failure to secure immediate medical attention for detained individuals in distress), assigns investigative and enforcement responsibilities to Inspectors General and the Attorney General, and mandates training.

Creates a new criminal offense for federal law enforcement, Bureau of Prisons, and U.S. Marshals Service officials who negligently fail to obtain or provide immediate medical attention to detained individuals exhibiting medical distress that results in unnecessary pain, injury, or death.

Penalty: fine and/or up to one year imprisonment.

Requires Inspector General investigations, confidential IG complaint processes, referral to the Attorney General when negligence is found, state attorney general civil enforcement options, and mandated agency training on providing medical assistance.

Passage30/100

Substantive but narrow accountability measure; plausible House support possible, Senate passage and executive-branch/constitutional hurdles lower overall odds.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly defines its goal and establishes substantive legal obligations (a criminal offense for negligent failure to secure immediate medical attention for detained individuals in distress), assigns investigative and enforcement responsibilities to Inspectors General and the Attorney General, and mandates training. However, it leaves several implementation-critical elements unspecified: it does not define 'immediate medical attention' or clarify the legal standard and defenses for 'negligently,' it lacks procedural timelines and operational guidance for agencies, it provides no funding or resource statements for training and investigations, and it does not impose reporting or metric requirements to monitor compliance and outcomes.

Contention68/100

Accountability versus criminalizing ordinary mistakes

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
States · Federal agenciesFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitIncreases accountability for custodial medical care by enabling criminal charges for negligent failures causing harm.
  • StatesEmpowers state attorneys general to sue, expanding state enforcement of custodial medical standards.
  • Federal agenciesRequires agency training on medical assistance, potentially improving immediate care and health outcomes.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenCriminalizing negligent conduct could chill split‑second decision‑making in emergencies, possibly delaying necessary ac…
  • Potential burdenIncreases legal exposure and potential prosecutions, which may affect recruitment, retention, and morale of officials.
  • Federal agenciesImposes training and compliance costs on federal agencies, increasing budgetary and administrative burdens.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Accountability versus criminalizing ordinary mistakes
Progressive90%

Likely strongly supportive as a measure to increase accountability and prevent deaths in custody.

Views the IG investigation, state civil enforcement, and training requirements as meaningful safeguards for detainees' health and civil rights.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

Generally favorable toward accountability and training but seeks clearer legal standards and funding details.

Wants to avoid unintended operational harms while ensuring detained persons receive care.

Split reaction
Conservative25%

Likely opposed or skeptical, viewing the bill as criminalizing routine errors and expanding federal oversight of law enforcement.

Concerned about morale, defensive behavior, and duplication with existing laws.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Substantive but narrow accountability measure; plausible House support possible, Senate passage and executive-branch/constitutional hurdles lower overall odds.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Level of executive branch or DOJ opposition
  • Support or opposition from federal law enforcement unions
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Accountability versus criminalizing ordinary mistakes

Substantive but narrow accountability measure; plausible House support possible, Senate passage and executive-branch/constitutional hurdles…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly defines its goal and establishes substantive legal obligations (a criminal offense for negligent failure to secure immediate medical attention for detained in…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis