H.R. 3621 (119th)Bill Overview

Public Safety and Mental Health Reporting Act

Crime and Law Enforcement|Crime and Law Enforcement
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
May 29, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill directs the Attorney General, in consultation with HHS/SAMHSA, to collect annual data on law enforcement interactions with people with mental illness, create collection guidelines, publish an annual public summary to Congress, and authorizes appropriations for fiscal years 2026–2036. Data must be used only for research or statistical purposes and exclude information that could identify crime victims. "Mental illness" is defined by reference to an existing statute.

Why people may split

Liberals emphasize transparency and reform potential; conservatives emphasize federal overreach and police burden.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clear statutory mandate for annual data acquisition and public reporting on law enforcement interactions with people with mental illness, assigns responsibility to the Attorney General with HHS consultation, and authorizes multi‑year appropriations.

The bill directs the Attorney General, in consultation with HHS/SAMHSA, to collect annual data on law enforcement interactions with people with mental illness, create collection guidelines, publish an annual public summary to Congress, and authorizes appropriations for fiscal years 2026–2036.

Data must be used only for research or statistical purposes and exclude information that could identify crime victims. "Mental illness" is defined by reference to an existing statute.

Passage45/100

Modest chance: technically straightforward and research-focused, but federal‑local data authority and funding open it to pushback.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clear statutory mandate for annual data acquisition and public reporting on law enforcement interactions with people with mental illness, assigns responsibility to the Attorney General with HHS consultation, and authorizes multi‑year appropriations. Its construction is functional for creating a reporting requirement but sparse on operational specifics.

Contention60/100

Liberals emphasize transparency and reform potential; conservatives emphasize federal overreach and police burden.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesLocal governments · Federal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitProvides national data to inform policy and resource allocation for mental health–related policing responses.
  • Potential benefitEnables research to evaluate outcomes and effectiveness of crisis interventions and diversion programs.
  • Federal agenciesAuthorizes federal funding that may create federal and contractor jobs for data collection and analysis.
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsCreates reporting and administrative burdens for local law enforcement agencies collecting required data.
  • Federal agenciesAdds federal spending obligations through annual appropriations, increasing budgetary pressures.
  • Potential burdenDe-identified data may still risk re-identification or privacy concerns for individuals.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize transparency and reform potential; conservatives emphasize federal overreach and police burden.
Progressive90%

Likely supportive.

The bill creates a national dataset to study policing encounters involving people with mental illness, which advocates view as needed for accountability and better crisis response.

Supporters would see this as a tool to inform diversion, community services, and training reforms.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Cautiously supportive.

The bill promotes data-driven policy and interagency cooperation while respecting privacy.

Centrists will welcome research focus but seek clarity on cost, burden, interoperability with existing systems, and data standards.

Leans supportive
Conservative30%

Skeptical.

While research on mental-health-related policing may be acceptable in principle, conservatives will worry about federal overreach, added reporting burdens, and data being used to political ends against law enforcement.

They will press to limit federal intrusion, ensure strict privacy, and fully fund any new obligations.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Modest chance: technically straightforward and research-focused, but federal‑local data authority and funding open it to pushback.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or CBO score provided
  • Whether data submission by local agencies is mandatory or voluntary
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize transparency and reform potential; conservatives emphasize federal overreach and police burden.

Modest chance: technically straightforward and research-focused, but federal‑local data authority and funding open it to pushback.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes a clear statutory mandate for annual data acquisition and public reporting on law enforcement interactions with people with mental illness, assigns respon…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis