H.R. 364 (119th)Bill Overview

Territorial Tax Equity and Economic Growth Act of 2025

Taxation|American SamoaCaribbean area
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Jan 13, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends Internal Revenue Code rules affecting residents and source-of-income determinations for U.S. possessions (Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands). It shortens the day-count/substantial presence threshold for bona fide residence, narrows when U.S.-source or effectively connected income is attributed to activities in the United States, and clarifies cross-references in section 865.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize territorial equity and recovery benefits

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a direct statutory amendment to the Internal Revenue Code designed to change residence and source rules for U.S. possessions.

This bill amends Internal Revenue Code rules affecting residents and source-of-income determinations for U.S. possessions (Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands).

It shortens the day-count/substantial presence threshold for bona fide residence, narrows when U.S.-source or effectively connected income is attributed to activities in the United States, and clarifies cross-references in section 865.

The changes apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024.

Passage35/100

Technically narrow but fiscally-sensitive; lack of offsets and limited built-in compromises lower enactment odds unless attached to larger tax package.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a direct statutory amendment to the Internal Revenue Code designed to change residence and source rules for U.S. possessions. It specifies targeted code sections and an effective date but contains drafting defects and limited implementation, fiscal, and accountability detail.

Contention65/100

Progressives emphasize territorial equity and recovery benefits

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governments · StatesFederal agencies · Taxpayers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Local governmentsMore residents of U.S. territories may qualify as bona fide possession residents, expanding local tax benefits.
  • Local governmentsTerritorial governments may attract investment and jobs by making local residency tests easier to meet.
  • StatesBusinesses with activities in the United States may face reduced U.S. sourcing for certain preparatory or auxiliary act…
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesFederal tax revenues could decline if more income is treated as non‑U.S. source or exempt in possessions.
  • Potential burdenThe changes may create opportunities for profit shifting and tax planning to exploit territorial sourcing rules.
  • TaxpayersIRS and taxpayers will likely need additional guidance, increasing administrative and compliance burdens temporarily.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize territorial equity and recovery benefits
Progressive75%

Likely supportive as a targeted measure to strengthen territorial economies and tax sovereignty for possessions.

Would welcome relief that helps local residents and economies but will demand safeguards against corporate tax avoidance and revenue loss to social programs.

Leans supportive
Centrist55%

Cautiously favorable if accompanied by transparency, revenue estimates, and anti-abuse safeguards.

Views bill as a reasonable way to restore territorial tax rules but wants evidence it will not produce large deficits or loopholes.

Split reaction
Conservative25%

Skeptical overall; may view as either an unnecessary tax carve-out or a helpful step toward territorial autonomy.

Main concerns are potential for complexity, loopholes, and reduced federal revenue without offsets.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood35/100

Technically narrow but fiscally-sensitive; lack of offsets and limited built-in compromises lower enactment odds unless attached to larger tax package.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No official revenue/cost estimate included
  • Stakeholder positions (territory leaders, taxpayers, Treasury) unknown
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize territorial equity and recovery benefits

Technically narrow but fiscally-sensitive; lack of offsets and limited built-in compromises lower enactment odds unless attached to larger…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a direct statutory amendment to the Internal Revenue Code designed to change residence and source rules for U.S. possessions. It specifies targeted code sections a…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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