H.R. 3661 (119th)Bill Overview

Extreme Weather and Heat Response Modernization Act

Emergency Management|Emergency Management
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Democratic
Introduced
May 29, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill directs FEMA to review and modernize how “incident periods” are determined for disasters, with an advisory panel and reports, followed by rulemaking. It authorizes FEMA to consider new preparedness and mitigation activities for extreme heat and cold (including cooling centers, resilience centers, stockpiles, and voucher programs) under existing Stafford Act authorities, requires new FEMA guidance, and mandates a study on impacts and responses to extreme temperature events with a report to Congress.

Why people may split

Liberals emphasize equity and climate adaptation benefits.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured study/commission/reporting measure that provides clear assignments, timelines, and integration points with existing law.

The bill directs FEMA to review and modernize how “incident periods” are determined for disasters, with an advisory panel and reports, followed by rulemaking.

It authorizes FEMA to consider new preparedness and mitigation activities for extreme heat and cold (including cooling centers, resilience centers, stockpiles, and voucher programs) under existing Stafford Act authorities, requires new FEMA guidance, and mandates a study on impacts and responses to extreme temperature events with a report to Congress.

Passage30/100

Administrative, non-ideological content increases chance; uncertainty about fiscal impact, Senate floor time, or attachment to larger packages limits likelihood.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured study/commission/reporting measure that provides clear assignments, timelines, and integration points with existing law. It directs FEMA to convene an advisory panel, conduct a substantive study on extreme temperature impacts, produce interim and final reports, and begin rulemaking based on panel recommendations.

Contention65/100

Liberals emphasize equity and climate adaptation benefits.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitClarifying incident periods may speed and standardize disaster assistance activation and delivery.
  • Local governmentsEligibility for cooling and resilience centers could create local construction and operations jobs.
  • Potential benefitStockpiling equipment and emergency vouchers could reduce heat-related illnesses and near-term healthcare demand.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenAdditional rulemaking and reporting will increase administrative workload for FEMA and partner jurisdictions.
  • Federal agenciesImplementing centers, stockpiles, and study recommendations will likely require additional federal spending.
  • Potential burdenAbsent new appropriations, these priorities may reallocate existing Stafford Act funds and shift resources.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize equity and climate adaptation benefits.
Progressive90%

Likely broadly supportive: sees the bill as a practical adaptation and equity-focused response to climate-driven extreme temperatures.

Values the emphasis on disadvantaged communities, community cooling and resilience centers, and guidance to make hazard mitigation more heat-aware.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

Cautiously favorable: appreciates practical improvements to FEMA processes and preparedness but wants cost clarity and evidence-based rulemaking.

Supports study and guidance, while seeking guardrails against unfunded mandates or unclear regulatory burdens.

Split reaction
Conservative30%

Skeptical: views the bill as expanding FEMA’s discretionary authority and regulatory reach, potentially leading to future federal spending and mandates.

May accept targeted studies but worries about costs, federal overreach, and mission creep absent explicit appropriations.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Administrative, non-ideological content increases chance; uncertainty about fiscal impact, Senate floor time, or attachment to larger packages limits likelihood.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Unspecified fiscal cost or CBO estimate
  • Potential objections to expanded grant eligibilities
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize equity and climate adaptation benefits.

Administrative, non-ideological content increases chance; uncertainty about fiscal impact, Senate floor time, or attachment to larger packa…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured study/commission/reporting measure that provides clear assignments, timelines, and integration points with existing law. It directs FEMA to conve…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis