H.R. 3861 (119th)Bill Overview

Mobilizing Against Sanctuary Cities Act

Immigration|Immigration
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jun 10, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The Mobilizing Against Sanctuary Cities Act requires the Attorney General to annually identify State or local jurisdictions that do not comply with 8 U.S.C. 1373 or that refuse or fail to honor DHS requests under INA sections 236 or 287 (detainers/notification). Jurisdictions found out of compliance are ineligible to receive Federal financial assistance (as defined in 31 U.S.C. 7501(a)(5)) for at least one year and regain eligibility only after the Attorney General certifies compliance.

Why people may split

Use of federal funding as coercion: liberals see harms to services and communities; conservatives see appropriate leverage.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly defines its high-level objective and the legal triggers that will cause jurisdictions to lose eligibility for Federal financial assistance, and it identifies the Attorney General as the implementing official with an annual reporting cadence.

The Mobilizing Against Sanctuary Cities Act requires the Attorney General to annually identify State or local jurisdictions that do not comply with 8 U.S.C. 1373 or that refuse or fail to honor DHS requests under INA sections 236 or 287 (detainers/notification).

Jurisdictions found out of compliance are ineligible to receive Federal financial assistance (as defined in 31 U.S.C. 7501(a)(5)) for at least one year and regain eligibility only after the Attorney General certifies compliance.

The Attorney General must report these determinations to Congress each year by March 1 and must provide compliance reports on request by any Member of Congress.

Passage30/100

By content alone the bill is a concise but sweeping federal effort to restrict funding to sanctuary jurisdictions—an approach that is politically salient and ideologically divisive. While administratively straightforward, the high fiscal impact, strong federalism implications, absence of compromise mechanisms, and likelihood of organized opposition and litigation reduce its chances of becoming law unless it is part of a larger negotiated package or significantly amended.

CredibilityMisaligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly defines its high-level objective and the legal triggers that will cause jurisdictions to lose eligibility for Federal financial assistance, and it identifies the Attorney General as the implementing official with an annual reporting cadence. However, it lacks necessary operational detail (procedural standards, enforcement pathways across funding agencies, appeals/review, and fiscal acknowledgement) and does not anticipate common edge cases or provide measurable compliance standards.

Contention75/100

Use of federal funding as coercion: liberals see harms to services and communities; conservatives see appropriate leverage.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsLocal governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Local governmentsIncreased federal leverage to secure local cooperation with federal immigration enforcement by conditioning grants on c…
  • Potential benefitFinancial pressure on noncompliant jurisdictions could incentivize policy changes without additional congressional appr…
  • Local governmentsPotential reductions in costs to federal immigration enforcement if more localities cooperate with ICE (e.g., faster tr…
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsLoss of federal funding to identified jurisdictions could reduce or interrupt grants for public safety, health, infrast…
  • Local governmentsIncreased legal and administrative costs from expected litigation over the constitutionality and scope of conditioning…
  • Local governmentsPotential chilling effect on immigrant communities’ willingness to access public services or cooperate with local law e…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Use of federal funding as coercion: liberals see harms to services and communities; conservatives see appropriate leverage.
Progressive10%

A mainstream liberal/left-leaning observer would likely oppose the bill as a punitive federal coercion of cities and states that adopt sanctuary policies.

They would view withholding federal funds as likely to harm public services and immigrant communities, increase fear of law enforcement cooperation, and undermine local autonomy and public-safety goals that depend on community trust.

They would also flag civil‑rights and due‑process concerns and foresee court challenges.

Likely resistant
Centrist45%

A centrist/moderate would weigh the bill's goal of ensuring federal immigration law enforcement against concerns about federal coercion, legal vulnerability, and unintended impacts on public services.

They would appreciate clearer accountability and uniformity, but worry about blunt funding penalties, the administrative burden of annual designations, and potential constitutional or statutory challenges.

They would likely seek narrower, better‑targeted language and procedural safeguards before supporting the measure.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

A mainstream conservative would likely support the bill as a tool to enforce federal immigration law and to penalize jurisdictions that refuse to cooperate with federal detainers or information requests.

They would view withholding federal funds as an appropriate lever to ensure local compliance and protect public safety and the rule of law.

They may nevertheless note potential for legal challenges and want robust, enforceable mechanisms and prompt application of penalties.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

By content alone the bill is a concise but sweeping federal effort to restrict funding to sanctuary jurisdictions—an approach that is politically salient and ideologically divisive. While administratively straightforward, the high fiscal impact, strong federalism implications, absence of compromise mechanisms, and likelihood of organized opposition and litigation reduce its chances of becoming law unless it is part of a larger negotiated package or significantly amended.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • The bill cross-references statutory terms (e.g., definition of 'Federal financial assistance' in 31 U.S.C. 7501(a)(5)) but does not enumerate which programs would be affected; the practical fiscal footprint therefore depends on interpretive and implementing decisions.
  • The text provides limited detail on procedural safeguards, standards for AG determinations, or an appeal or remediation process for jurisdictions, creating uncertainty about administrative practicability and legal defensibility.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Use of federal funding as coercion: liberals see harms to services and communities; conservatives see appropriate leverage.

By content alone the bill is a concise but sweeping federal effort to restrict funding to sanctuary jurisdictions—an approach that is polit…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly defines its high-level objective and the legal triggers that will cause jurisdictions to lose eligibility for Federal financial assistance, and it identifies…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis