H.R. 3934 (119th)Bill Overview

Water Quality Standards Attainability Act

Environmental Protection|Environmental Protection
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jun 11, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act) to change state review requirements for water quality standards. It directs that state reviews of standards must include any waterbody receiving discharges from a municipal combined storm and sanitary sewer (CSO), including review for whether CSO controls are cost-effective, and requires results of such reviews be made available to the EPA Administrator.

Why people may split

Whether explicit consideration of cost and 'commercial availability' will properly ensure feasible standards (centrist/conservative view) or will be used to weaken science-based protections (liberal concern).

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill makes targeted substantive amendments to the Clean Water Act by adding review and hearing requirements for waters receiving combined sewer discharges and by directing cost and commercial-availability consideration in water quality criteria, but its drafting omits key procedural details, definitions, funding acknowledgment, and enforcement mechanisms.

This bill amends the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act) to change state review requirements for water quality standards.

It directs that state reviews of standards must include any waterbody receiving discharges from a municipal combined storm and sanitary sewer (CSO), including review for whether CSO controls are cost-effective, and requires results of such reviews be made available to the EPA Administrator.

The bill adds that states must consider the use and value of waters for public water supplies and the cost and commercial availability of treatment technologies that point sources might need to meet standards.

Passage40/100

On content alone this is a narrowly tailored, administratively focused change that does not authorize new spending and could appeal to municipalities and industry, which improves prospects. However, it touches on environmental standard-setting in ways that can provoke organized opposition and legal uncertainty; the need to pass both chambers (and overcome higher procedural hurdles in the Senate) reduces the likelihood of enactment unless the proposal is packaged with other measures or gains clear bipartisan sponsors and stakeholder buy-in.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill makes targeted substantive amendments to the Clean Water Act by adding review and hearing requirements for waters receiving combined sewer discharges and by directing cost and commercial-availability consideration in water quality criteria, but its drafting omits key procedural details, definitions, funding acknowledgment, and enforcement mechanisms.

Contention65/100

Whether explicit consideration of cost and 'commercial availability' will properly ensure feasible standards (centrist/conservative view) or will be used to weaken science-based protections (liberal concern).

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsStates · Local governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Local governmentsIncreases transparency and public participation by requiring public hearings and making review results available to the…
  • Local governmentsRequires consideration of the cost and commercial availability of treatment technologies, which supporters may argue pr…
  • Local governmentsCreates clearer procedural steps (reviews, documentation to EPA) that could improve planning and regulatory predictabil…
Likely burdened
  • StatesEmphasizing cost and technology availability in standard-setting could lead States to adopt less stringent water qualit…
  • Local governmentsNew required reviews and public hearings will increase administrative burden and procedural steps for States and munici…
  • Federal agenciesGreater state discretion in weighing cost versus environmental objectives could reduce federal consistency across state…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether explicit consideration of cost and 'commercial availability' will properly ensure feasible standards (centrist/conservative view) or will be used to weaken science-based protections (liberal concern).
Progressive30%

A mainstream liberal would likely view this bill with concern that inserting explicit cost and 'commercial availability' considerations into water quality standard-setting could lower environmental and public-health protections.

They would appreciate the emphasis on reviewing waters that receive combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and making results available to the Administrator and the public, but worry those procedural steps could be used to justify weaker standards or delay stronger pollution controls.

They would watch closely to see whether scientific criteria remain primary and whether public hearings and EPA oversight are meaningful in practice.

Likely resistant
Centrist60%

A moderate/centrist is likely to see both constructive and concerning elements in the bill.

They may welcome added transparency, public review of standards affecting CSO-impacted waters, and the explicit requirement to consider the feasibility and costs of treatment technologies so that standards are implementable.

At the same time they would be wary that making cost an explicit statutory consideration could lead to weakenings or legal disputes unless the bill includes clear processes, timelines, and scientific safeguards.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

A mainstream conservative would generally view this bill favorably because it injects practicality into water quality regulation, emphasizes consideration of costs and commercial feasibility of treatment technologies, and increases state-level review and public visibility.

They are likely to appreciate that the bill could reduce the risk of state or federal agencies imposing standards that are technically or economically unattainable for municipalities.

However, they may still push for stronger protections against federal preemption or for clearer constraints on EPA’s ability to impose criteria that ignore cost considerations.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

On content alone this is a narrowly tailored, administratively focused change that does not authorize new spending and could appeal to municipalities and industry, which improves prospects. However, it touches on environmental standard-setting in ways that can provoke organized opposition and legal uncertainty; the need to pass both chambers (and overcome higher procedural hurdles in the Senate) reduces the likelihood of enactment unless the proposal is packaged with other measures or gains clear bipartisan sponsors and stakeholder buy-in.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate (e.g., CBO scoring) is included in the bill text, so the fiscal implications for States and municipalities are unclear.
  • Terms like 'cost effective' and the scope of 'cost and commercial availability' are not precisely defined in statute and would likely require EPA rulemaking or guidance, creating uncertainty about implementation and litigation risk.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether explicit consideration of cost and 'commercial availability' will properly ensure feasible standards (centrist/conservative view) o…

On content alone this is a narrowly tailored, administratively focused change that does not authorize new spending and could appeal to muni…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill makes targeted substantive amendments to the Clean Water Act by adding review and hearing requirements for waters receiving combined sewer discharges and by directing…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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