H.R. 402 (119th)Bill Overview

DEBT Act

Economics and Public Finance|Budget deficits and national debtCongressional-executive branch relations
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 14, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill requires the Secretary of the Treasury to appear before the House Ways and Means Committee and Senate Finance Committee between 60 and 21 days prior to any anticipated date when the public debt will hit the statutory limit or when the Secretary expects to use extraordinary measures. The Secretary must provide a detailed explanation of which extraordinary measures would be used, estimates of administrative costs to implement them, and how those measures would be reversed or changed if the debt limit is increased.

Why people may split

Liberals worry bill legitimizes debt limit; conservatives view it as fiscal oversight tool

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-targeted reporting requirement that is specific about timing, recipients, and the content of the required explanation, and it integrates into title 31 with a clear statutory insertion.

The bill requires the Secretary of the Treasury to appear before the House Ways and Means Committee and Senate Finance Committee between 60 and 21 days prior to any anticipated date when the public debt will hit the statutory limit or when the Secretary expects to use extraordinary measures.

The Secretary must provide a detailed explanation of which extraordinary measures would be used, estimates of administrative costs to implement them, and how those measures would be reversed or changed if the debt limit is increased.

The statute defines a list of specific extraordinary measures (for example, suspending certain reinvestments or redeeming certain funds).

Passage40/100

Low-cost, narrowly tailored oversight change with modest controversy but requires bicameral agreement and may face procedural or executive resistance.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-targeted reporting requirement that is specific about timing, recipients, and the content of the required explanation, and it integrates into title 31 with a clear statutory insertion.

Contention30/100

Liberals worry bill legitimizes debt limit; conservatives view it as fiscal oversight tool

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitIncreases congressional oversight by requiring advance Treasury testimony and detailed explanations.
  • Potential benefitProvides earlier notice to lawmakers, potentially improving legislative planning to prevent default.
  • Potential benefitRequires Treasury to estimate administrative costs, improving budget transparency for emergency financing actions.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenAdds administrative and compliance burdens that could divert Treasury resources from other operations.
  • Potential burdenMay constrain Treasury's ability to act quickly using confidential extraordinary measures during crises.
  • Potential burdenAdvance disclosures could increase market volatility by signaling fiscal stress earlier than current practice.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals worry bill legitimizes debt limit; conservatives view it as fiscal oversight tool
Progressive60%

Generally supportive of increased transparency and oversight of Treasury actions, but skeptical this resolves the core problem of the debt limit.

May see the requirement as helpful for public accountability but insufficient to prevent political brinkmanship or austerity pressures.

Likely to want stronger reforms, not just additional hearings.

Split reaction
Centrist75%

Favors procedural steps that give lawmakers timely, concrete information to make decisions.

Views the requirement as a modest, practical oversight improvement while wanting protections for operational flexibility and nonpublic details.

Will weigh the bill positively if paired with nonpartisan analysis and clear timelines.

Leans supportive
Conservative85%

Likely to view the bill favorably as a tool for fiscal oversight and public accountability, useful for forcing explanations of the costs and mechanics of debt-limit workarounds.

May see testimony as leverage to argue against raising the debt limit or to press spending restraint.

Prefers strict timelines and enforcement.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Low-cost, narrowly tailored oversight change with modest controversy but requires bicameral agreement and may face procedural or executive resistance.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Enforceability and consequences for noncompliance are unspecified
  • No cost estimate or administrative burden analysis included
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals worry bill legitimizes debt limit; conservatives view it as fiscal oversight tool

Low-cost, narrowly tailored oversight change with modest controversy but requires bicameral agreement and may face procedural or executive…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-targeted reporting requirement that is specific about timing, recipients, and the content of the required explanation, and it integrates into title 31 with…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis