H.R. 404 (119th)Bill Overview

Hearing Protection Act

Taxation|Taxation
Sponsor
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 15, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for conside…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill removes firearm silencers (commonly called suppressors) from the Internal Revenue Code definition of firearms under the National Firearms Act, treats possession under 18 U.S.C. rules as meeting NFA registration/licensing requirements, preempts certain state taxes and registration rules, requires destruction of current federal silencer registration records, adds federal definitions and marking/serial-number requirements for silencers/mufflers, and imposes a 10% federal excise tax on silencers/mufflers. Several provisions take effect for calendar quarters beginning more than 90 days after enactment, and the Attorney General must destroy existing silencer registration records within 365 days.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize public-safety and record-destruction concerns

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory rewrite that is detailed in statutory drafting and implementation timing, integrates directly with existing statutes, and assigns concrete duties to agencies.

The bill removes firearm silencers (commonly called suppressors) from the Internal Revenue Code definition of firearms under the National Firearms Act, treats possession under 18 U.S.C. rules as meeting NFA registration/licensing requirements, preempts certain state taxes and registration rules, requires destruction of current federal silencer registration records, adds federal definitions and marking/serial-number requirements for silencers/mufflers, and imposes a 10% federal excise tax on silencers/mufflers.

Several provisions take effect for calendar quarters beginning more than 90 days after enactment, and the Attorney General must destroy existing silencer registration records within 365 days.

Passage20/100

Controversial firearms deregulatory measures with strong federalism implications historically face steep obstacles, especially in the Senate.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory rewrite that is detailed in statutory drafting and implementation timing, integrates directly with existing statutes, and assigns concrete duties to agencies. It is weaker on fiscal acknowledgment, transitional/exceptions handling, and formal oversight/reporting provisions.

Contention70/100

Progressives emphasize public-safety and record-destruction concerns

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agencies · StatesFederal agencies · States

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesReduces federal NFA registration and transfer paperwork for silencer owners and transferees.
  • Federal agenciesCreates a 10% federal excise tax applied at manufacture or importation, generating federal revenue.
  • StatesPreempts state-level special taxes and registration requirements, simplifying interstate commerce for silencers.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesRemoving federal registration and destroying records reduces centralized traceability for law enforcement investigation…
  • Potential burdenEasier legal transfer and possession could increase availability of silencers for criminal misuse, critics warn.
  • StatesPreemption curtails States' ability to impose targeted safety, marking, or taxation rules on silencers.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize public-safety and record-destruction concerns
Progressive15%

Likely opposed.

The bill substantially reduces federal NFA controls and destroys registration records, raising public-safety and accountability concerns.

Preemption of state laws also removes local options to regulate silencers.

Likely resistant
Centrist55%

Mixed/leaning skeptical.

The bill reduces regulatory burdens for lawful owners and imposes serial-numbering and a modest excise tax, but destroying records and preempting state laws raise practical law-enforcement and federalism concerns.

Split reaction
Conservative90%

Likely supportive.

The bill removes silencers from onerous NFA classification, ends special federal registration burdens, limits state-level extra taxes/requirements, and replaces the old tax with a lower excise tax.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood20/100

Controversial firearms deregulatory measures with strong federalism implications historically face steep obstacles, especially in the Senate.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Absent official budgetary cost estimate
  • Potential for legal challenges to federal preemption
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize public-safety and record-destruction concerns

Controversial firearms deregulatory measures with strong federalism implications historically face steep obstacles, especially in the Senat…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory rewrite that is detailed in statutory drafting and implementation timing, integrates directly with existing statutes, and assigns concrete…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis