H.R. 4109 (119th)Bill Overview

Recycling and Composting Accountability Act

Environmental Protection|Environmental Protection
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Democratic
Introduced
Jun 24, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The Recycling and Composting Accountability Act directs the EPA to gather data, prepare reports, and conduct studies to improve understanding of U.S. recycling and composting capacity and markets. Key tasks include an EPA report on composting and recycling infrastructure and contamination rates, a national inventory of materials recovery facilities, development of estimated recycling rates, and reports on end markets for recyclable materials and compost.

Why people may split

Scope and sufficiency of funding: liberals see funding as too small to effect change; conservatives view any new federal funding as unnecessary.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured reporting/statutory amendment package that defines terms, integrates with the Solid Waste Disposal Act, assigns responsibilities and timelines, and authorizes modest funding to support EPA and GAO reporting on recycling and composting infrastructure, markets, and federal agency practices.

The Recycling and Composting Accountability Act directs the EPA to gather data, prepare reports, and conduct studies to improve understanding of U.S. recycling and composting capacity and markets.

Key tasks include an EPA report on composting and recycling infrastructure and contamination rates, a national inventory of materials recovery facilities, development of estimated recycling rates, and reports on end markets for recyclable materials and compost.

The Comptroller General must publish recurring reports on Federal agencies' recycling/procurement practices, and the EPA must develop a metric and study on recyclable materials diverted from circular markets.

Passage70/100

Content-wise the bill resembles many narrowly tailored oversight and reporting bills that attract bipartisan support: limited, time‑bound funding; no large regulatory changes; explicit protections for states; and an administrative focus. Those features increase the chance of enactment. The primary barriers are legislative calendar competition, possible partisan objections to any EPA initiative, and the potential for holds or amendments in the Senate. Judged only by the text and past legislative patterns for similar measures, it is reasonably likely to become law but not certain.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured reporting/statutory amendment package that defines terms, integrates with the Solid Waste Disposal Act, assigns responsibilities and timelines, and authorizes modest funding to support EPA and GAO reporting on recycling and composting infrastructure, markets, and federal agency practices.

Contention50/100

Scope and sufficiency of funding: liberals see funding as too small to effect change; conservatives view any new federal funding as unnecessary.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governments · Federal agenciesLocal governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Local governmentsImproved federal data and standardized metrics could enable better planning and targeting of investments in recycling a…
  • Potential benefitGreater transparency on end‑market prices and volumes for recyclable bales and compost could strengthen market signals…
  • Federal agenciesFederal reporting on agency procurement of recycled and compostable materials could create market pull by increasing go…
Likely burdened
  • Local governmentsCollecting and reporting the required data could impose administrative and staff burdens on States, local governments,…
  • Potential burdenThe authorized funding level ($4 million per year, 2025–2029) may be insufficient to support comprehensive national dat…
  • Potential burdenNondisclosure protections for data that qualify as confidential could limit public transparency and independent analysi…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Scope and sufficiency of funding: liberals see funding as too small to effect change; conservatives view any new federal funding as unnecessary.
Progressive85%

A mainstream progressive would likely view this bill as a useful, evidence-building step toward strengthening recycling and composting systems.

They would welcome federal attention to contamination, end markets, and access gaps (including tribal and local programs), but may judge the funding and scope as modest relative to the need for infrastructure and program support.

They would see the inventories and studies as valuable groundwork to justify future investments and regulatory action.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

A pragmatic moderate would likely view the bill as a sensible, limited federal effort to fill information gaps and improve policymaking around recycling and composting.

They would appreciate the emphasis on data, inventories, and GAO reports and the explicit prohibition on unfunded mandates, but would want assurance that the studies will be cost-effective and lead to actionable recommendations.

They would be cautious about voluntary data collection and want clarity on how the information will be used and funded.

Leans supportive
Conservative30%

A mainstream conservative would likely be skeptical of expanding federal activity in recycling and composting, viewing the bill mainly as a data-collection expansion that could be a prelude to regulation or new spending.

They might acknowledge that better data can inform efficient markets but worry about federal overreach, bureaucratic cost, and burdens on states, localities, and businesses.

The explicit prohibition on unfunded mandates is a mitigating factor, but they may still prefer lower funding levels, stricter limits on federal involvement, or state-led approaches.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood70/100

Content-wise the bill resembles many narrowly tailored oversight and reporting bills that attract bipartisan support: limited, time‑bound funding; no large regulatory changes; explicit protections for states; and an administrative focus. Those features increase the chance of enactment. The primary barriers are legislative calendar competition, possible partisan objections to any EPA initiative, and the potential for holds or amendments in the Senate. Judged only by the text and past legislative patterns for similar measures, it is reasonably likely to become law but not certain.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Whether congressional appropriators will provide the authorized funds—authorization does not guarantee appropriation.
  • Potential for amendments or riders during floor consideration that could broaden scope, add costs, or introduce controversy.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Scope and sufficiency of funding: liberals see funding as too small to effect change; conservatives view any new federal funding as unneces…

Content-wise the bill resembles many narrowly tailored oversight and reporting bills that attract bipartisan support: limited, time‑bound f…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-structured reporting/statutory amendment package that defines terms, integrates with the Solid Waste Disposal Act, assigns responsibilities and timelines, a…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis