H.R. 432 (119th)Bill Overview

Seventh Amendment Restoration Act

Law|Administrative remediesCivil actions and liability
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 15, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends 5 U.S.C. §702 to allow a person subject to an action before an agency hearing officer (including administrative law judges) to remove that action to a U.S. district court where the person resides or has a principal place of business. Removal is effected by filing a notice of removal in the district court in the same manner as removal from a state court under 28 U.S.C. §1446.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize weakening of agency enforcement and expertise.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly and narrowly creates a new statutory right to remove agency hearing officer proceedings to federal district court and integrates that right by reference to the existing removal procedure in 28 U.S.C. §1446.

This bill amends 5 U.S.C. §702 to allow a person subject to an action before an agency hearing officer (including administrative law judges) to remove that action to a U.S. district court where the person resides or has a principal place of business.

Removal is effected by filing a notice of removal in the district court in the same manner as removal from a state court under 28 U.S.C. §1446.

The bill defines "agency hearing officer" to include ALJs and other agency employees authorized to hear the action.

Passage30/100

Technically narrow but politically charged; plausible House traction yet significant Senate and stakeholder obstacles and litigation risk.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly and narrowly creates a new statutory right to remove agency hearing officer proceedings to federal district court and integrates that right by reference to the existing removal procedure in 28 U.S.C. §1446. The bill gives a compact, direct amendment to 5 U.S.C. §702 but leaves numerous operational, fiscal, and interaction details unaddressed.

Contention75/100

Progressives emphasize weakening of agency enforcement and expertise.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesIncreases access to federal judicial review by letting respondents move agency cases to district courts.
  • Federal agenciesPotentially restores Seventh Amendment jury-trial protections for disputes shifted into federal courts.
  • Federal agenciesMay improve uniformity by centralizing adjudication in federal courts versus varied agency processes.
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesLikely increases federal court caseloads, raising costs and delaying dispute resolution.
  • Potential burdenUndermines agencies' specialized expertise and expedient resolution of technical regulatory matters.
  • Federal agenciesIncreases litigation costs for businesses and individuals obligated to pursue federal litigation.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize weakening of agency enforcement and expertise.
Progressive25%

Likely skeptical.

They would view this as a measure that weakens agency adjudication and could impede enforcement of consumer, worker, and environmental protections.

They would worry it advantages regulated entities with resources to litigate in federal court.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

Mixed view.

Appreciates additional judicial review and procedural protections but worries about practical consequences like docket strain, costs, and disruption to statutory agency schemes.

Would seek clarifications and guardrails.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Generally favorable.

Views this as a restoration of constitutional protections and a check on administrative power by allowing access to Article III courts.

Sees it as limiting unelected agency adjudication.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood30/100

Technically narrow but politically charged; plausible House traction yet significant Senate and stakeholder obstacles and litigation risk.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or CBO score provided
  • Expected increase in federal caseload and resource needs
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize weakening of agency enforcement and expertise.

Technically narrow but politically charged; plausible House traction yet significant Senate and stakeholder obstacles and litigation risk.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly and narrowly creates a new statutory right to remove agency hearing officer proceedings to federal district court and integrates that right by reference to th…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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