H.R. 445 (119th)Bill Overview

Border Security Investment Act

Immigration|Immigration
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 15, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Subcommittee on Border Security and Enforcement.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The bill imposes a new 37% fee on remittance transfers sent to certain "covered countries" (the five countries with the most citizens unlawfully entering the U.S. in the prior year). All such fees are remitted to the Treasury general fund.

Why people may split

Remittance fee: seen as punitive by left, acceptable funding tool by conservatives

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that establishes a new, large revenue stream and two Treasury trust funds dedicated to border security and State reimbursements.

The bill imposes a new 37% fee on remittance transfers sent to certain "covered countries" (the five countries with the most citizens unlawfully entering the U.S. in the prior year).

All such fees are remitted to the Treasury general fund.

Annually, the Treasury must transfer 50% of those fees into a Border Security State Reimbursement Trust Fund to reimburse border States for border-enforcement expenditures, and 50% into a Border Security Trust Fund to finance border detection technology, southern border physical barriers, and U.S. Border Patrol wages.

Passage20/100

Strong partisan, fiscal, legal, and administrative objections likely; novel punitive fee on remittances raises implementation and legal risks.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that establishes a new, large revenue stream and two Treasury trust funds dedicated to border security and State reimbursements. It includes specific percentages, statutory amendments, and identifies responsible agencies, but leaves key administrative and accountability details to rulemaking or unspecified processes.

Contention72/100

Remittance fee: seen as punitive by left, acceptable funding tool by conservatives

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
StatesLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitCreates a permanent, dedicated funding stream for DHS border operations available without annual appropriations.
  • StatesProvides reimbursements to border States for prior border security expenditures, allocated proportionally.
  • Potential benefitAuthorizes funding for technology, physical barriers, and Border Patrol wages, targeting specific border investments.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenImposes a 37 percent fee on remittances to covered countries, sharply increasing sender costs.
  • Potential burdenDisproportionately burdens low-income migrants and families who depend on remittances for basic needs.
  • Potential burdenLikely reduces formal remittance volumes and could shift transfers to informal or unregulated channels.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Remittance fee: seen as punitive by left, acceptable funding tool by conservatives
Progressive15%

Likely to oppose the bill overall.

The 37% remittance fee is viewed as punitive toward migrants and low-income families abroad, and the spending priorities emphasize enforcement and physical barriers rather than humanitarian or root-cause solutions.

Some may support reimbursing states for direct costs, but opposition to high regressive fees and barrier funding will dominate.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

Mixed view: appreciates creating a dedicated funding stream for border needs, but worries about the high flat percentage fee and unintended consequences.

Would seek calibration to avoid overly regressive impacts, transparent administration, and measurable performance metrics for funded programs.

Split reaction
Conservative75%

Generally supportive because the bill funds stricter border controls, physical barriers, and Border Patrol pay.

Many conservatives will favor a funding mechanism that ties costs to countries associated with high unlawful entry.

Some fiscal conservatives may question market distortions from the high remittance fee.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood20/100

Strong partisan, fiscal, legal, and administrative objections likely; novel punitive fee on remittances raises implementation and legal risks.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Absent CBO score and revenue estimate
  • Potential legal challenges to fee authority and equal protection
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Remittance fee: seen as punitive by left, acceptable funding tool by conservatives

Strong partisan, fiscal, legal, and administrative objections likely; novel punitive fee on remittances raises implementation and legal ris…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive policy change that establishes a new, large revenue stream and two Treasury trust funds dedicated to border security and State reimbursements. It inc…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis