H.R. 464 (119th)Bill Overview

Skills Investment Act of 2025

Taxation|Taxation
Cosponsors
Support
Unknown
Introduced
Jan 15, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill renames Coverdell Education Savings Accounts to Coverdell Lifelong Learning Accounts and expands permitted uses to include workforce training, career and technical education, adult education, testing, transportation, and certain technology and internet costs related to approved training. It raises the maximum age for contributions, creates rules for contributions and balances for beneficiaries over age 30, establishes a new employer tax credit equal to 25% of nonelective employer contributions to such accounts, allows an income tax deduction for beneficiaries age 18 and older for contributions to their account, and increases the additional tax on nonqualified distributions.

Why people may split

Left emphasizes workforce access and inclusion; right emphasizes fiscal cost and subsidies.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive tax-policy amendment that is largely well-specified in statutory drafting and integration with existing law, but it omits fiscal acknowledgment and broader measurement/verification mechanisms and contains at least one drafting gap.

This bill renames Coverdell Education Savings Accounts to Coverdell Lifelong Learning Accounts and expands permitted uses to include workforce training, career and technical education, adult education, testing, transportation, and certain technology and internet costs related to approved training.

It raises the maximum age for contributions, creates rules for contributions and balances for beneficiaries over age 30, establishes a new employer tax credit equal to 25% of nonelective employer contributions to such accounts, allows an income tax deduction for beneficiaries age 18 and older for contributions to their account, and increases the additional tax on nonqualified distributions.

Most changes take effect for contributions, distributions, or taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.

Passage45/100

Moderate chance: non-controversial policy and employer incentives help, but tax expenditure cost and Senate procedural hurdles lower odds.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive tax-policy amendment that is largely well-specified in statutory drafting and integration with existing law, but it omits fiscal acknowledgment and broader measurement/verification mechanisms and contains at least one drafting gap.

Contention60/100

Left emphasizes workforce access and inclusion; right emphasizes fiscal cost and subsidies.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
EmployersTaxpayers · Employers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitExpands tax-preferred savings to pay for job training and workforce credentialing.
  • EmployersProvides a 25% employer credit, incentivizing employer-funded employee skills development.
  • Potential benefitAllows adult beneficiaries to deduct contributions, lowering effective cost of self-funded training.
Likely burdened
  • TaxpayersIntroduces additional tax-code complexity and new compliance requirements for employers and taxpayers.
  • EmployersCreates potential revenue loss from the employer credit and new deductions, increasing budgetary cost.
  • Potential burdenMay require administrative verification of eligible providers, increasing program administration burdens.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Left emphasizes workforce access and inclusion; right emphasizes fiscal cost and subsidies.
Progressive90%

Generally supportive: expands public support for adult education and workforce training, and uses tax tools to encourage employer and individual investment in skills.

Likely to welcome recognition of nondegree training, broadband and device costs, and deductions for adult learners.

May press for stronger targeting toward low-income learners and clarity on contribution rules for over-30 beneficiaries.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

Cautiously positive: it modernizes a longstanding tax instrument to support workforce development while providing employer incentives.

Praises alignment with existing federal workforce programs but wants clear cost estimates, implementation details, and guardrails to prevent abuse and unneeded revenue loss.

Split reaction
Conservative25%

Skeptical: recognizes lifelong learning as a valid goal but objects to expanding tax subsidies and new credits that increase federal tax expenditures.

Prefers market-driven training and direct employer discretion without tax incentives.

Concerned about federal definitions of eligible providers and potential fiscal cost.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Moderate chance: non-controversial policy and employer incentives help, but tax expenditure cost and Senate procedural hurdles lower odds.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • No CBO or official cost estimate included
  • How PAYGO or offsets would be handled
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Left emphasizes workforce access and inclusion; right emphasizes fiscal cost and subsidies.

Moderate chance: non-controversial policy and employer incentives help, but tax expenditure cost and Senate procedural hurdles lower odds.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive tax-policy amendment that is largely well-specified in statutory drafting and integration with existing law, but it omits fiscal acknowledgment and b…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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