H.R. 475 (119th)Bill Overview

Sanction Russian Nuclear Safety Violators Act of 2025

International Affairs|Conflicts and warsCriminal procedure and sentencing
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Jan 16, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consid…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill requires the President to impose sanctions on any foreign person who has endangered the integrity, safety, or Ukrainian operational control of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station since Russia's 2022 invasion. Authorized measures include blocking assets under IEEPA and visa inadmissibility with automatic revocation, subject to limited humanitarian and diplomatic exceptions.

Why people may split

Concern over executive waiver authority versus need for flexibility

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is clearly focused and well-integrated with existing sanction and immigration statutes, providing specific sanction tools and limited exceptions, but it omits several procedural, fiscal, and oversight details that would commonly be expected for an act granting broad sanctions authority.

This bill requires the President to impose sanctions on any foreign person who has endangered the integrity, safety, or Ukrainian operational control of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station since Russia's 2022 invasion.

Authorized measures include blocking assets under IEEPA and visa inadmissibility with automatic revocation, subject to limited humanitarian and diplomatic exceptions.

The President may use broad IEEPA authorities, apply penalties for violations, and waive sanctions for national security reasons with 15 days advance notice to congressional committees.

Passage40/100

Targeted, low-cost sanctions with exceptions are historically plausible to pass, but Senate procedure and executive/diplomatic considerations add uncertainty.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is clearly focused and well-integrated with existing sanction and immigration statutes, providing specific sanction tools and limited exceptions, but it omits several procedural, fiscal, and oversight details that would commonly be expected for an act granting broad sanctions authority.

Contention30/100

Concern over executive waiver authority versus need for flexibility

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedFederal agencies · States

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitIncreases diplomatic and economic pressure on individuals and entities involved in nuclear safety violations.
  • Potential benefitCreates legal tools to freeze U.S.-based assets of targeted foreign persons disrupting the plant.
  • Potential benefitLimits travel to the U.S. for named actors, reducing their access to U.S. institutions and services.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenCould complicate diplomatic or technical engagement needed to manage on-site nuclear safety risks.
  • Federal agenciesMay impose compliance and enforcement burdens on federal agencies and private parties to screen transactions.
  • StatesRisks retaliatory measures from targeted states, potentially affecting broader U.S. foreign policy aims.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Concern over executive waiver authority versus need for flexibility
Progressive85%

Likely supportive because the bill targets actors threatening nuclear safety and holds them accountable.

Would want aggressive enforcement, tight oversight of waivers, and assurance the measure doesn't impede humanitarian relief.

Some progressives might press for clearer identification of responsible individuals and companies and for multilateral coordination.

Leans supportive
Centrist75%

Generally favorable as a targeted national-security and foreign-policy tool, but cautious about clarity and implementation.

Sees value in sanctions to protect nuclear safety while seeking precise designation standards and allied coordination.

Would want reporting requirements and safeguards against unintended humanitarian or legal consequences.

Leans supportive
Conservative85%

Likely supportive because it sanctions actors tied to Russian military actions and protects a key strategic and safety interest.

Some conservatives will applaud strong use of asset blocks and visa bans while seeking assurance waivers won't be used to weaken pressure.

Others may want even tougher, non-waivable measures or faster designation processes.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Targeted, low-cost sanctions with exceptions are historically plausible to pass, but Senate procedure and executive/diplomatic considerations add uncertainty.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Definition of who 'endangered' the plant applies to (scope vagueness).
  • Potential extraterritorial effects on third-country firms.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Concern over executive waiver authority versus need for flexibility

Targeted, low-cost sanctions with exceptions are historically plausible to pass, but Senate procedure and executive/diplomatic consideratio…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is clearly focused and well-integrated with existing sanction and immigration statutes, providing specific sanction tools and limited exceptions, but it omits several…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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