H.R. 478 (119th)Bill Overview

Promoting New Bank Formation Act

Finance and Financial Sector|Administrative law and regulatory proceduresAgricultural prices, subsidies, credit
Sponsor
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 16, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 64.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The Promoting New Bank Formation Act requires federal banking agencies to allow a three‑year phase‑in of federal capital requirements for newly insured depository institutions and their holding companies. It permits de novos to request changes to approved business plans with expedited 30‑day agency review and automatic approval if agencies fail to act.

Why people may split

Liberals emphasize financial‑stability and depositor risk concerns

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes clear substantive regulatory changes and some procedural requirements but leaves substantial implementation detail to agency rulemaking without statutory timelines, fiscal acknowledgment, or robust safeguards.

The Promoting New Bank Formation Act requires federal banking agencies to allow a three‑year phase‑in of federal capital requirements for newly insured depository institutions and their holding companies.

It permits de novos to request changes to approved business plans with expedited 30‑day agency review and automatic approval if agencies fail to act.

The bill sets a Community Bank Leverage Ratio of 8% for rural depository institutions during the three‑year period, with lower percentages in years one and two, expands agricultural lending authority for Federal savings associations, and mandates a one‑year joint study and report on causes and remedies for low de novo bank formation.

Passage40/100

Technically focused deregulatory bill with modest fiscal signals that can pass the House but faces meaningful Senate and regulatory scrutiny before becoming law.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes clear substantive regulatory changes and some procedural requirements but leaves substantial implementation detail to agency rulemaking without statutory timelines, fiscal acknowledgment, or robust safeguards.

Contention65/100

Liberals emphasize financial‑stability and depositor risk concerns

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsCities · Taxpayers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitLowers initial regulatory compliance costs for new banks, reducing startup expenses and improving viability.
  • Local governmentsMay increase local lending and credit availability, particularly in underserved rural and agricultural communities.
  • Potential benefitCreates potential for new bank jobs in loan origination, branch operations, and back-office functions.
Likely burdened
  • CitiesThree-year phase-in may weaken initial loss-absorbing capacity, increasing potential systemic and depositor risk.
  • Potential burdenThirty-day review with deemed approval could pressure agencies and reduce depth of supervisory scrutiny.
  • TaxpayersLower leverage requirements for rural banks could raise FDIC insurance exposure and potential taxpayer risk.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberals emphasize financial‑stability and depositor risk concerns
Progressive50%

Mixed view: welcomes efforts to expand banking access in underserved and rural areas but worries easing capital rules may increase systemic and depositor risks.

Wants stronger consumer protections, targeted safeguards, and monitoring to prevent unsafe practices.

Split reaction
Centrist70%

Generally favorable but cautious: supports reducing regulatory hurdles for firm formation while insisting on prudential safeguards.

Sees value in a timed phase‑in and expedited business‑plan review if agencies retain monitoring authority.

Leans supportive
Conservative90%

Strongly favorable: sees the bill as sensible deregulatory relief to encourage new banks and expand local credit.

Views phased capital rules and faster bureaucratic decisions as pro‑market measures that reduce entry barriers.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Technically focused deregulatory bill with modest fiscal signals that can pass the House but faces meaningful Senate and regulatory scrutiny before becoming law.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Absent cost estimate or CBO score
  • Regulatory agency pushback on safety concerns
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberals emphasize financial‑stability and depositor risk concerns

Technically focused deregulatory bill with modest fiscal signals that can pass the House but faces meaningful Senate and regulatory scrutin…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill establishes clear substantive regulatory changes and some procedural requirements but leaves substantial implementation detail to agency rulemaking without statutory…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis