H.R. 4827 (119th)Bill Overview

Medical Debt Relief Act of 2025

Finance and Financial Sector|Finance and Financial Sector
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Jul 29, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

The Medical Debt Relief Act of 2025 amends the Fair Credit Reporting Act to define "medical debt" and prohibit any adverse information related to medical debt from appearing on consumer reports. The bill also makes conforming edits to existing FCRA provisions and directs the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to amend its regulation within one year to prohibit creditors from obtaining or using information about a consumer's medical debt when deciding whether to extend credit.

Why people may split

Whether removing medical-debt information is primarily a consumer-protection win (progressive) or an unwelcome interference with credit markets (conservative).

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly and directly achieves its principal legal change by amending the Fair Credit Reporting Act and directing the CFPB to issue implementing regulation.

The Medical Debt Relief Act of 2025 amends the Fair Credit Reporting Act to define "medical debt" and prohibit any adverse information related to medical debt from appearing on consumer reports.

The bill also makes conforming edits to existing FCRA provisions and directs the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to amend its regulation within one year to prohibit creditors from obtaining or using information about a consumer's medical debt when deciding whether to extend credit.

The prohibition explicitly includes medical debts placed for collection, charged to profit or loss, or subjected to similar actions.

Passage45/100

On content alone the bill is a focused, administrable change that conveys clear consumer benefits and is not a large spending measure — traits that help prospects. However, it directly constrains private-sector credit-reporting practices and underwriting, creating concentrated opposition from affected industries and raising substantive questions about market impacts; absence of compromise features and the need for regulatory follow-through increase friction. Consequently, while passage is plausible, it is far from assured without accompanying negotiation or offsets.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly and directly achieves its principal legal change by amending the Fair Credit Reporting Act and directing the CFPB to issue implementing regulation. The statutory integration is explicit and targeted.

Contention70/100

Whether removing medical-debt information is primarily a consumer-protection win (progressive) or an unwelcome interference with credit markets (conservative).

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Housing market · ConsumersLenders · Consumers

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Housing marketRemoves medical bills from credit reports, which is likely to raise credit scores or reduce negative marks for people w…
  • ConsumersEnhances privacy of consumers' medical-related financial information by preventing its use in credit decisions and limi…
  • ConsumersReduces incentives for aggressive medical-debt collection practices tied to credit reporting, potentially lowering cons…
Likely burdened
  • LendersLenders and other creditors will have less traditional information to assess borrower risk, which could lead them to ti…
  • ConsumersDebt buyers, collection agencies, and consumer reporting agencies could lose revenue streams tied to reporting and buyi…
  • Potential burdenHospitals and health care providers may face higher levels of uncompensated care or reduced leverage to collect unpaid…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether removing medical-debt information is primarily a consumer-protection win (progressive) or an unwelcome interference with credit markets (conservative).
Progressive90%

A mainstream liberal would likely view this bill positively as a targeted consumer-protection measure that removes a common source of long-term financial harm.

They would see the ban on reporting medical debt to consumer reporting agencies and the restriction on creditors' use of such information as steps that reduce penalties for people who experienced illness or medical expense shocks.

They would probably emphasize the social justice implications and the potential to improve access to credit, housing, and other opportunities that rely on consumer reports.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

A mainstream centrist would find the bill's goal understandable and sympathetic — reducing collateral harm from medical bills — but would also worry about unintended effects on credit markets.

They would want evidence that removing medical-debt signals from consumer reports won't materially raise credit costs or reduce credit availability, and they would prefer a thoughtful, evidence-driven implementation via CFPB rulemaking.

Overall, they would be cautiously supportive if safeguards and impact assessments are built into implementation.

Split reaction
Conservative20%

A mainstream conservative would likely oppose the bill as an unnecessary regulatory intrusion into credit markets that removes useful information from lenders and interferes with private contracting.

They would frame it as expanding federal control over the flow of commercially relevant information and potentially increasing costs for ordinary borrowers.

They might accept targeted, temporary relief for individuals facing catastrophic medical bills, but would prefer market-based or state-level solutions rather than a broad federal ban on reporting and use of medical-debt information.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

On content alone the bill is a focused, administrable change that conveys clear consumer benefits and is not a large spending measure — traits that help prospects. However, it directly constrains private-sector credit-reporting practices and underwriting, creating concentrated opposition from affected industries and raising substantive questions about market impacts; absence of compromise features and the need for regulatory follow-through increase friction. Consequently, while passage is plausible, it is far from assured without accompanying negotiation or offsets.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or official regulatory impact analysis is included in the bill text; the scale of effects on lending, credit availability, and consumer outcomes is therefore uncertain.
  • The bill delegates substantial implementation detail to CFPB rulemaking; the shape and timeline of those implementing rules (and potential judicial challenges) are unknown.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether removing medical-debt information is primarily a consumer-protection win (progressive) or an unwelcome interference with credit mar…

On content alone the bill is a focused, administrable change that conveys clear consumer benefits and is not a large spending measure — tra…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill clearly and directly achieves its principal legal change by amending the Fair Credit Reporting Act and directing the CFPB to issue implementing regulation. The statut…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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