H.R. 4991 (119th)Bill Overview

Disarming Felons Act

Crime and Law Enforcement|Crime and Law Enforcement
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Aug 15, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends 18 U.S.C. §922(d) and §922(g) to add a new federal firearms prohibition for any adult who, while a juvenile aged 15, 16, or 17, committed an act of juvenile delinquency that would have been a felony if committed by an adult. The amendment adds that such adults may not be sold or otherwise disposed a firearm and may not possess a firearm under federal law.

Why people may split

Whether the statute requires a formal juvenile adjudication (centrist and left want this clarified; right insists on it as a minimum).

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill directly and clearly implements a substantive change by adding juvenile felony-equivalent delinquency (ages 15–17) as a categorical federal firearms disqualification through targeted amendments to 18 U.S.C. §922(d) and (g).

This bill amends 18 U.S.C. §922(d) and §922(g) to add a new federal firearms prohibition for any adult who, while a juvenile aged 15, 16, or 17, committed an act of juvenile delinquency that would have been a felony if committed by an adult.

The amendment adds that such adults may not be sold or otherwise disposed a firearm and may not possess a firearm under federal law.

The statutory language refers to an act “committed” as a juvenile rather than specifying a particular form of adjudication or conviction.

Passage25/100

On content alone, this is a narrowly tailored statutory change rather than a large spending bill, which can help prospects. However, it squarely addresses firearms regulation—a highly polarized issue—and offers no compromise mechanisms or clear administrative clarifications for cross-jurisdictional implementation. That combination tends to lower the chance a standalone, more restrictive gun-policy bill will advance through both chambers and be enacted, absent broader dealmaking or bipartisan framing.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill directly and clearly implements a substantive change by adding juvenile felony-equivalent delinquency (ages 15–17) as a categorical federal firearms disqualification through targeted amendments to 18 U.S.C. §922(d) and (g). The statutory insertion is straightforward, but the bill leaves significant implementation questions unanswered.

Contention68/100

Whether the statute requires a formal juvenile adjudication (centrist and left want this clarified; right insists on it as a minimum).

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesFederal agencies

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitReduces firearm access for adults who committed serious juvenile offenses, which supporters argue could lower the risk…
  • Federal agenciesBrings federal firearms prohibitions into alignment with certain juvenile adjudications by treating felony-equivalent j…
  • Federal agenciesCloses a perceived loophole where individuals with serious juvenile delinquency histories might otherwise pass federal…
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesImposes a lifetime federal firearms disability on adults based on juvenile delinquency findings, potentially restrictin…
  • Federal agenciesCreates administrative and implementation burdens for the federal background-check system (NICS) and courts to collect,…
  • Federal agenciesRaises legal and due-process questions because juvenile adjudications are not criminal convictions in many jurisdiction…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Whether the statute requires a formal juvenile adjudication (centrist and left want this clarified; right insists on it as a minimum).
Progressive40%

A mainstream progressive would weigh public-safety benefits against juvenile-justice and civil-rights concerns.

They may see merit in preventing people who committed serious juvenile felonies from having firearms, but would be worried that the bill as written could indefinitely punish young people who were processed in juvenile systems intended to rehabilitate and whose records are often sealed.

They would be particularly concerned about disparate impacts on youth of color and lack of an explicit relief or expungement mechanism.

Split reaction
Centrist60%

A moderate would see a public-safety rationale in preventing firearms possession by adults who committed serious acts as older juveniles but would be cautious about legal clarity, implementation, and fairness.

They would want the bill to be administrable (clear record standards for background checks) and to preserve appropriate juvenile rehabilitation goals.

The centrist would favor clarifying language (adjudication requirement), building in relief processes, and ensuring the federal-state data flow for NICS checks is workable before endorsing the measure strongly.

Split reaction
Conservative20%

A mainstream conservative would be skeptical of expanding federal firearms prohibitions based on juvenile misconduct and would emphasize individual rights, federalism, and due process.

They would object to the apparent absence of a conviction or clear adjudication requirement and view the provision as a long-term deprivation of a constitutional right for acts committed as juveniles.

They would also see this as an expansion of federal authority into state juvenile systems and a potential administrative and privacy burden.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood25/100

On content alone, this is a narrowly tailored statutory change rather than a large spending bill, which can help prospects. However, it squarely addresses firearms regulation—a highly polarized issue—and offers no compromise mechanisms or clear administrative clarifications for cross-jurisdictional implementation. That combination tends to lower the chance a standalone, more restrictive gun-policy bill will advance through both chambers and be enacted, absent broader dealmaking or bipartisan framing.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • How the bill defines or would administratively determine whether a juvenile act 'would have been a felony if committed by an adult' in states with differing juvenile statutes, diversion programs, or where records have been sealed/expunged.
  • Whether existing federal background check and record systems can reliably identify and adjudicate qualifying juvenile delinquency records without additional implementation guidance or funding.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Whether the statute requires a formal juvenile adjudication (centrist and left want this clarified; right insists on it as a minimum).

On content alone, this is a narrowly tailored statutory change rather than a large spending bill, which can help prospects. However, it squ…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill directly and clearly implements a substantive change by adding juvenile felony-equivalent delinquency (ages 15–17) as a categorical federal firearms disqualification…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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