H.R. 5091 (119th)Bill Overview

To amend section 5545 of title 5, United States Code, to provide hazard pay for carrying out prescribed burns, and for other purposes.

Government Operations and Politics|Government Operations and Politics
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Democratic
Introduced
Sep 2, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends 5 U.S.C. §5545 to add hazard pay for federal duties that involve ignition, control, or suppression of prescribed burns and for parachute jumps by smokejumper firefighters (for training, proficiency, or operations). It sets the pay differential for those duties to be equal to the existing differential for fighting forest and range fires on the fireline.

Why people may split

Scope of coverage: whether seasonal, contract, state, and local firefighters should be included (liberal prefers inclusion; conservatives prefer federal-only).

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly states its purpose, integrates cleanly into the relevant pay statute, and provides a concrete implementation path via OPM regulations and applicability dates.

This bill amends 5 U.S.C. §5545 to add hazard pay for federal duties that involve ignition, control, or suppression of prescribed burns and for parachute jumps by smokejumper firefighters (for training, proficiency, or operations).

It sets the pay differential for those duties to be equal to the existing differential for fighting forest and range fires on the fireline.

The bill directs the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to issue implementing regulations within 90 days and makes the change effective for pay periods beginning after OPM issues the regulations or 90 days after enactment, whichever is earlier.

Passage45/100

Based solely on content and structure, this is a narrowly focused, administratively implementable change with limited ideological heat and a moderate fiscal impact. Those features tend to favor enactment compared with sweeping or ideological bills. However, the absence of a cost estimate, lack of explicit funding offsets, and the need to move through committee and (in the Senate) overcome procedural barriers lower its standalone odds; it would be more likely to become law if included in a broader, must-pass or bipartisan personnel/appropriations package.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly states its purpose, integrates cleanly into the relevant pay statute, and provides a concrete implementation path via OPM regulations and applicability dates. It is explicit about the duties covered and ties the differential amount to an existing pay differential.

Contention55/100

Scope of coverage: whether seasonal, contract, state, and local firefighters should be included (liberal prefers inclusion; conservatives prefer federal-only).

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Federal agenciesFederal agencies · Local governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesIncreases hazard pay for federal personnel who conduct prescribed burns and smokejumpers, which supporters would say pr…
  • Federal agenciesMay improve recruitment and retention of federal wildland fire personnel (including smokejumpers) by making federal pay…
  • Potential benefitCould incentivize or facilitate the use of prescribed burns by reducing personnel resistance to those duties, potential…
Likely burdened
  • Federal agenciesIncreases federal payroll costs for agencies that employ affected firefighters because pay differentials are higher and…
  • Local governmentsMay raise public-health and local air-quality concerns if it encourages more frequent prescribed burns, increasing smok…
  • Potential burdenCreates administrative and regulatory burden: OPM must issue implementing regulations promptly and agencies must adjust…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Scope of coverage: whether seasonal, contract, state, and local firefighters should be included (liberal prefers inclusion; conservatives prefer federal-only).
Progressive85%

A mainstream liberal would likely view this bill positively as a worker-safety and fairness measure that recognizes hazardous work done to manage landscapes and prevent larger wildfires.

They would see hazard pay as consistent with protecting front-line public employees and may view support for prescribed burns as an ecologically responsible tool when done safely.

They may, however, press for inclusive coverage (seasonal workers and contractors), protective health measures against smoke exposure, and guaranteed funding rather than reprogramming other programs.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

A centrist/ pragmatic observer would view the bill as a targeted, modest change to federal pay policy that addresses a plausible fairness issue—hazardous duties should receive hazard pay.

They would welcome clarity from OPM and are likely to support it if administrative details and costs are transparent.

Their main concerns would be the fiscal impact, administrative burden, and ensuring the change doesn't create unintended incentives or overlap/conflict with state/local compensation schemes.

Split reaction
Conservative35%

A mainstream conservative would be cautious about expanding federal compensation obligations, emphasizing fiscal restraint and the proper scope of federal pay policy.

They may accept hazard pay for clearly dangerous activities like smokejumping in principle but worry about the cost, expansion of federal pay entitlements, and creating incentives for federal action where state or local authorities traditionally lead.

They would press for limits to federal employees only, clear funding offsets, and precise definitions to avoid mission creep.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Based solely on content and structure, this is a narrowly focused, administratively implementable change with limited ideological heat and a moderate fiscal impact. Those features tend to favor enactment compared with sweeping or ideological bills. However, the absence of a cost estimate, lack of explicit funding offsets, and the need to move through committee and (in the Senate) overcome procedural barriers lower its standalone odds; it would be more likely to become law if included in a broader, must-pass or bipartisan personnel/appropriations package.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • The bill text contains no cost estimate or fiscal note; the magnitude of the budgetary impact depends on the number of covered employees and frequency/duration of eligible duties.
  • How agencies will budget for the added differential and whether appropriations committees would require offsets or explicit funding language are unknown.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Scope of coverage: whether seasonal, contract, state, and local firefighters should be included (liberal prefers inclusion; conservatives p…

Based solely on content and structure, this is a narrowly focused, administratively implementable change with limited ideological heat and…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a focused statutory amendment that clearly states its purpose, integrates cleanly into the relevant pay statute, and provides a concrete implementation path via OP…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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