Congressional deliberations about the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) often focus on the availability of funding. This product provides data on past and current NASA appropriations, as well as the President’s FY2027 budget request and recent congressional action on appropriations and authorization…

The Rice’s whale (Balaenoptera ricei; Figure 1) is a recently described species of baleen whale (i.e., whales that contain baleen plates in their mouths for sieving plankton) and one of the rarest whale species in the world. This medium-sized whale is sighted year-round in the northern Gulf of America (GoA), with most…

The Seafood Import Monitoring Program (SIMP) is a federal risk-based seafood traceability program that sets reporting and recordkeeping requirements from the point of harvest to entry into U.S. commerce. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), an…

The U.S. government supports a broad range of scientific and engineering research and development (R&D). Most of the R&D funded by the federal government is performed in support of the unique missions of individual funding agencies. Using information provided by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) regarding fund…

The Office of the United States Trade Representative (Office of the USTR) is located in the Executive Office of the President (EOP). It is headed by the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR), an ambassador-level position. The USTR leads U.S. international trade agreement negotiations and other dialogues, with interagency a…

This report describes actions to provide FY2026 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Department of Commerce, which includes bureaus and offices such as the Census Bureau, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the…

The Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA; P.L. 92-583, 16 U.S.C. §§1451-1466), enacted in 1972 and since amended, set up a national framework for states and territories to consider and manage coastal resources and potential impacts on those resources, and for the federal government to provide financial assistance to supp…

The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the nonmedical sciences and engineering. NSF is a major source of federal support for U.S. university research. It is also responsible for significant shares of the federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education…

This report provides an overview of actions by the Trump Administration and Congress to provide funds in FY2026 for the International Trade Administration (ITA) of the Department of Commerce, the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC or the Commission), and the Office of the United States Trade Representative (US…

The Saltonstall-Kennedy Act of 1954 (S-K Act; 15 U.S.C. §713c-3) established a program to provide financial support for research and development of commercial fisheries. The S-K Act created a fund (known as the S-K fund) that is financed by a permanent appropriation of a portion of import duties on marine fishery prod…